<!-- factbase:5f1362 -->
# Julius Caesar

# Julius Caesar

## Overview
Gaius Julius Caesar (100–44 BCE) was a Roman general, statesman, and dictator whose conquest of Gaul and crossing of the Rubicon precipitated the end of the Roman Republic.

## Key Facts
- Born: 100 BCE, Rome
- Died: 15 March 44 BCE, Rome (assassinated)
- Offices: Consul (59 BCE), Dictator perpetuo (44 BCE)
- Military: Conquered Gaul (58–50 BCE)

## Major Events
- Gallic Wars (58–50 BCE): Conquered Gaul, invaded Britain [^1]
- First Triumvirate: Alliance with Pompey and Crassus (60 BCE)
- Crossing the Rubicon (49 BCE): Triggered civil war against Pompey
- Battle of Pharsalus (48 BCE): Defeated Pompey
- Appointed dictator perpetuo (February 44 BCE)
- Assassinated on the Ides of March (15 March 44 BCE) by Brutus, Cassius, and other senators [^2]

## Legacy
- Julian calendar reform (46 BCE)
- Granted citizenship to many provincials
- His adopted heir Octavian became Augustus, first Roman emperor
- Month of July named after him

---
[^1]: Caesar, *Commentarii de Bello Gallico*
[^2]: Goldsworthy, A. *Caesar: Life of a Colossus* (Yale, 2006)
---

## Review Queue

<!-- factbase:review -->
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Born: 100 BCE, Rome" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 100 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "Died: 15 March 44 BCE, Rome (assassinated)" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 44 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Offices: Consul (59 BCE), Dictator perpetuo (44 BCE)" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 59 BCE and 44 BCE respectively. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Military: Conquered Gaul (58–50 BCE)" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 58-50 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 16: "Gallic Wars (58–50 BCE): Conquered Gaul, invaded Britain [^1]" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 58-50 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "First Triumvirate: Alliance with Pompey and Crassus (60 BCE)" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 60 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Crossing the Rubicon (49 BCE): Triggered civil war against Pompey" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 49 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 19: "Battle of Pharsalus (48 BCE): Defeated Pompey" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 48 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 20: "Appointed dictator perpetuo (February 44 BCE)" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. February 44 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 21: "Assassinated on the Ides of March (15 March 44 BCE) by Brutus, Cassius, and o..." - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 44 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "Julian calendar reform (46 BCE)" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 46 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 25: "Granted citizenship to many provincials" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 59-44 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 26: "His adopted heir Octavian became Augustus, first Roman emperor" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. Post-44 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 27: "Month of July named after him" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 44 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Born: 100 BCE, Rome" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Died: 15 March 44 BCE, Rome (assassinated)" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Offices: Consul (59 BCE), Dictator perpetuo (44 BCE)" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Military: Conquered Gaul (58–50 BCE)" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 17: "First Triumvirate: Alliance with Pompey and Crassus (60 BCE)" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 18: "Crossing the Rubicon (49 BCE): Triggered civil war against Pompey" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 19: "Battle of Pharsalus (48 BCE): Defeated Pompey" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 20: "Appointed dictator perpetuo (February 44 BCE)" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 24: "Julian calendar reform (46 BCE)" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 25: "Granted citizenship to many provincials" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 26: "His adopted heir Octavian became Augustus, first Roman emperor" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 27: "Month of July named after him" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 21: "Assassinated on the Ides of March (15 March 44 BCE) by Brutus, Cassius, and o..." - Goldsworthy source from 2006 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
> Still accurate. Goldsworthy (2006) remains a standard reference.