<!-- factbase:5f1362 -->
# Julius Caesar

# Julius Caesar

## Overview
Gaius Julius Caesar (100–44 BCE) was a Roman general, statesman, and dictator whose conquest of Gaul and crossing of the Rubicon precipitated the end of the Roman Republic. @t[100 BCE..44 BCE]

## Key Facts
- Born: 100 BCE, Rome @t[=100 BCE]
- Died: 15 March 44 BCE, Rome (assassinated) @t[=44 BCE]
- Offices: Consul (59 BCE), Dictator perpetuo (44 BCE) @t[=59 BCE]
- Military: Conquered Gaul (58–50 BCE) @t[58 BCE..50 BCE]

## Major Events
- Gallic Wars (58–50 BCE): Conquered Gaul, invaded Britain @t[58 BCE..50 BCE] [^1]
- First Triumvirate: Alliance with Pompey and Crassus (60 BCE) @t[=60 BCE]
- Crossing the Rubicon (49 BCE): Triggered civil war against Pompey @t[=49 BCE]
- Battle of Pharsalus (48 BCE): Defeated Pompey @t[=48 BCE]
- Appointed dictator perpetuo (February 44 BCE) @t[=44 BCE]
- Assassinated on the Ides of March (15 March 44 BCE) by Brutus, Cassius, and other senators @t[=44 BCE] [^2]

## Legacy
- Julian calendar reform (46 BCE) @t[=46 BCE]
- Granted citizenship to many provincials
- His adopted heir Octavian became Augustus, first Roman emperor
- Month of July named after him

---
[^1]: Caesar, *Commentarii de Bello Gallico*
[^2]: Goldsworthy, A. *Caesar: Life of a Colossus* (Yale, 2006)
---

## Review Queue

<!-- factbase:review -->
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Born: 100 BCE, Rome" - when was this true?
> 100 BCE event. Attested by Caesar (~50 BCE) [^1]; Goldsworthy (2006) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "Died: 15 March 44 BCE, Rome (assassinated)" - when was this true?
> 44 BCE event. Attested by Caesar (~50 BCE) [^1]; Goldsworthy (2006) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Offices: Consul (59 BCE), Dictator perpetuo (44 BCE)" - when was this true?
> 59 BCE event. Attested by Caesar (~50 BCE) [^1]; Goldsworthy (2006) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Military: Conquered Gaul (58–50 BCE)" - when was this true?
> 50 BCE event. Attested by Caesar (~50 BCE) [^1]; Goldsworthy (2006) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 16: "Gallic Wars (58–50 BCE): Conquered Gaul, invaded Britain [^1]" - when was this true?
> 50 BCE event. Attested by Caesar (~50 BCE) [^1]; Goldsworthy (2006) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "First Triumvirate: Alliance with Pompey and Crassus (60 BCE)" - when was this true?
> 60 BCE event. Attested by Caesar (~50 BCE) [^1]; Goldsworthy (2006) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Crossing the Rubicon (49 BCE): Triggered civil war against Pompey" - when was this true?
> 49 BCE event. Attested by Caesar (~50 BCE) [^1]; Goldsworthy (2006) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 19: "Battle of Pharsalus (48 BCE): Defeated Pompey" - when was this true?
> 48 BCE event. Attested by Caesar (~50 BCE) [^1]; Goldsworthy (2006) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 20: "Appointed dictator perpetuo (February 44 BCE)" - when was this true?
> 44 BCE event. Attested by Caesar (~50 BCE) [^1]; Goldsworthy (2006) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 21: "Assassinated on the Ides of March (15 March 44 BCE) by Brutus, Cassius, and o..." - when was this true?
> 44 BCE event. Attested by Caesar (~50 BCE) [^1]; Goldsworthy (2006) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "Julian calendar reform (46 BCE)" - when was this true?
> 46 BCE event. Attested by Caesar (~50 BCE) [^1]; Goldsworthy (2006) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 25: "Granted citizenship to many provincials" - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Caesar (~50 BCE) [^1]; Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 26: "His adopted heir Octavian became Augustus, first Roman emperor" - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Caesar (~50 BCE) [^1]; Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 27: "Month of July named after him" - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Caesar (~50 BCE) [^1]; Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Born: 100 BCE, Rome" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Died: 15 March 44 BCE, Rome (assassinated)" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Offices: Consul (59 BCE), Dictator perpetuo (44 BCE)" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Military: Conquered Gaul (58–50 BCE)" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 17: "First Triumvirate: Alliance with Pompey and Crassus (60 BCE)" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 18: "Crossing the Rubicon (49 BCE): Triggered civil war against Pompey" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 19: "Battle of Pharsalus (48 BCE): Defeated Pompey" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 20: "Appointed dictator perpetuo (February 44 BCE)" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 24: "Julian calendar reform (46 BCE)" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 25: "Granted citizenship to many provincials" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 26: "His adopted heir Octavian became Augustus, first Roman emperor" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 27: "Month of July named after him" - what is the source?
> Caesar's Commentarii [^1] and Goldsworthy (2006) [^2].
- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 21: "Assassinated on the Ides of March (15 March 44 BCE) by Brutus, Cassius, and o..." - Goldsworthy source from 2006 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
> Still accurate. Goldsworthy (2006) remains a standard reference.