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# Peace of Nicias

# Peace of Nicias

## Overview
The Peace of Nicias (421 BCE) was a treaty intended to end the first phase of the Peloponnesian War (the Archidamian War) between Athens and Sparta. It was supposed to last 50 years but effectively collapsed within a few years. @t[=421 BCE]

## Key Facts
- Date: 421 BCE @t[=421 BCE]
- Parties: Athens and Sparta (and their respective allies)
- Context: Ended the Archidamian War (431–421 BCE), first phase of the Peloponnesian War @t[431 BCE..421 BCE]
- Duration: Nominally 50 years; effectively ~6 years

## Terms
- Return of prisoners and captured territories
- Mutual non-aggression for 50 years
- Disputes to be settled by arbitration [^1]

## Failure
- Key Spartan allies (Corinth, Boeotia) refused to sign
- Neither side fully implemented the terms
- Alcibiades undermined the peace by forming an anti-Spartan alliance
- The Sicilian Expedition (415–413 BCE) effectively ended any pretense of peace @t[415 BCE..413 BCE] [^2]

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[^1]: Thucydides, *History of the Peloponnesian War* 5.18–19
[^2]: Kagan, D. *The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition* (Cornell, 1981)
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## Review Queue

<!-- factbase:review -->
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Date: 421 BCE" - when was this true?
> 421 BCE event. Attested by Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^1]; Kagan (1981) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "Parties: Athens and Sparta (and their respective allies)" - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^1]; Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Context: Ended the Archidamian War (431–421 BCE), first phase of the Pelopo..." - when was this true?
> 421 BCE event. Attested by Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^1]; Kagan (1981) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Duration: Nominally 50 years; effectively ~6 years" - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^1]; Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 16: "Return of prisoners and captured territories" - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^1]; Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Mutual non-aggression for 50 years" - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^1]; Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Disputes to be settled by arbitration [^1]" - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^1]; Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 21: "Key Spartan allies (Corinth, Boeotia) refused to sign" - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^1]; Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 22: "Neither side fully implemented the terms" - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^1]; Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 23: "Alcibiades undermined the peace by forming an anti-Spartan alliance" - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^1]; Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "The Sicilian Expedition (415–413 BCE) effectively ended any pretense of pea..." - when was this true?
> 413 BCE event. Attested by Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^1]; Kagan (1981) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Date: 421 BCE" - what is the source?
> Thucydides 5.18-19 [^1] and Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Parties: Athens and Sparta (and their respective allies)" - what is the source?
> Thucydides 5.18-19 [^1] and Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Context: Ended the Archidamian War (431–421 BCE), first phase of the Pelopo..." - what is the source?
> Thucydides 5.18-19 [^1] and Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Duration: Nominally 50 years; effectively ~6 years" - what is the source?
> Thucydides 5.18-19 [^1] and Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 16: "Return of prisoners and captured territories" - what is the source?
> Thucydides 5.18-19 [^1] and Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 17: "Mutual non-aggression for 50 years" - what is the source?
> Thucydides 5.18-19 [^1] and Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 21: "Key Spartan allies (Corinth, Boeotia) refused to sign" - what is the source?
> Thucydides 5.18-19 [^1] and Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 22: "Neither side fully implemented the terms" - what is the source?
> Thucydides 5.18-19 [^1] and Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 23: "Alcibiades undermined the peace by forming an anti-Spartan alliance" - what is the source?
> Thucydides 5.18-19 [^1] and Kagan (1981) [^2].
- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 24: "The Sicilian Expedition (415–413 BCE) effectively ended any pretense of pea..." - Kagan source from 1981 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
> Still accurate. Kagan (1981) remains a standard reference. The underlying historical facts are well-established.