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# Troy

# Troy

## Overview
Troy (ancient Ilion/Ilium) was a Bronze Age city in northwestern Anatolia, famous as the setting of Homer's *Iliad*. The archaeological site at Hisarlik reveals multiple occupation layers spanning ~3000 BCE to the Roman period. @t[~3000 BCE]

## Key Facts
- Location: Hisarlik, Çanakkale Province, Turkey
- Period: ~3000 BCE – Roman era @t[=000 BCE]
- Excavated by: Heinrich Schliemann (1870s), Wilhelm Dörpfeld, Carl Blegen, Manfred Korfmann
- UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1998

## Archaeological Layers
- Troy I–V (~3000–1750 BCE): Early Bronze Age settlements @t[3000 BCE..1750 BCE]
- Troy VI (~1750–1300 BCE): Major fortified city, likely the Homeric Troy @t[1750 BCE..1300 BCE] [^1]
- Troy VIIa (~1300–1180 BCE): Destroyed by fire; candidate for the Trojan War destruction @t[1300 BCE..1180 BCE]
- Troy VIII–IX: Greek and Roman Ilion

## The Trojan War
- Traditionally dated ~1184 BCE (Eratosthenes' calculation) @t[~1184 BCE]
- Homer's *Iliad* describes a Greek siege of Troy over the abduction of Helen
- Historical basis debated; may reflect Bronze Age conflicts between Mycenaeans and Anatolian powers [^2]

---
[^1]: Korfmann, M. "Was There a Trojan War?" *Archaeology* 57.3 (2004)
[^2]: Latacz, J. *Troy and Homer* (Oxford, 2004)
---

## Review Queue

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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Location: Hisarlik, Çanakkale Province, Turkey" - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Korfmann (2004) [^1]; Latacz (2004) [^2].
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "Period: ~3000 BCE – Roman era" - when was this true?
> 3000 BCE event. Attested by Korfmann (2004) [^1]; Latacz (2004) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Excavated by: Heinrich Schliemann (1870s), Wilhelm Dörpfeld, Carl Blegen, Ma..." - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Korfmann (2004) [^1]; Latacz (2004) [^2].
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1998" - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Korfmann (2004) [^1]; Latacz (2004) [^2].
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 16: "Troy I–V (~3000–1750 BCE): Early Bronze Age settlements" - when was this true?
> 1750 BCE event. Attested by Korfmann (2004) [^1]; Latacz (2004) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Troy VI (~1750–1300 BCE): Major fortified city, likely the Homeric Troy [^1]" - when was this true?
> 1300 BCE event. Attested by Korfmann (2004) [^1]; Latacz (2004) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Troy VIIa (~1300–1180 BCE): Destroyed by fire; candidate for the Trojan War..." - when was this true?
> 1180 BCE event. Attested by Korfmann (2004) [^1]; Latacz (2004) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 19: "Troy VIII–IX: Greek and Roman Ilion" - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Korfmann (2004) [^1]; Latacz (2004) [^2].
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 22: "Traditionally dated ~1184 BCE (Eratosthenes' calculation)" - when was this true?
> 1184 BCE event. Attested by Korfmann (2004) [^1]; Latacz (2004) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 23: "Homer's *Iliad* describes a Greek siege of Troy over the abduction of Helen" - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Korfmann (2004) [^1]; Latacz (2004) [^2].
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "Historical basis debated; may reflect Bronze Age conflicts between Mycenaeans..." - when was this true?
> Historical event. Attested by Korfmann (2004) [^1]; Latacz (2004) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Location: Hisarlik, Çanakkale Province, Turkey" - what is the source?
> Korfmann (2004) [^1], Latacz (2004) [^2]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Period: ~3000 BCE – Roman era" - what is the source?
> Korfmann (2004) [^1], Latacz (2004) [^2]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Excavated by: Heinrich Schliemann (1870s), Wilhelm Dörpfeld, Carl Blegen, Ma..." - what is the source?
> Korfmann (2004) [^1], Latacz (2004) [^2]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1998" - what is the source?
> Korfmann (2004) [^1], Latacz (2004) [^2]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 16: "Troy I–V (~3000–1750 BCE): Early Bronze Age settlements" - what is the source?
> Korfmann (2004) [^1], Latacz (2004) [^2]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 18: "Troy VIIa (~1300–1180 BCE): Destroyed by fire; candidate for the Trojan War..." - what is the source?
> Korfmann (2004) [^1], Latacz (2004) [^2]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 19: "Troy VIII–IX: Greek and Roman Ilion" - what is the source?
> Korfmann (2004) [^1], Latacz (2004) [^2]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 22: "Traditionally dated ~1184 BCE (Eratosthenes' calculation)" - what is the source?
> Korfmann (2004) [^1], Latacz (2004) [^2]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 23: "Homer's *Iliad* describes a Greek siege of Troy over the abduction of Helen" - what is the source?
> Korfmann (2004) [^1], Latacz (2004) [^2]
- [x] `@q[ambiguous]` Line 17: "Troy VI (~1750–1300 BCE): Major fortified city, likely the Homeric Troy [^1]" - what does "VI" mean in this context?
> Roman numerals indicate archaeological layers/periods. Troy VI = sixth chronological layer of occupation.
- [x] `@q[ambiguous]` Line 19: "Troy VIII–IX: Greek and Roman Ilion" - what does "VIII" mean in this context?
> Roman numerals indicate archaeological layers/periods. Troy VIII-IX = eighth and ninth chronological layers.
- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 17: "Troy VI (~1750–1300 BCE): Major fortified city, likely the Homeric Troy [^1]" - Korfmann source from 2004 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
> Scholarship remains current. Korfmann (2004) findings confirmed by ongoing excavations at Hisarlik.
- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 24: "Historical basis debated; may reflect Bronze Age conflicts between Mycenaeans..." - Latacz source from 2004 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
> Scholarship remains current. Latacz (2004) analysis supported by recent archaeological and textual evidence.