improve: Rome (City)

cities/rome.md

@@ -1,92 +1,33 @@
 <!-- factbase:bcd937 -->
 # Rome (City)
 
-# Rome (City)
-
 ## Overview
-Rome, the "Eternal City," was the capital of the Roman Republic and Empire, growing from a small settlement on the Tiber River to the largest city in the ancient world with a population exceeding one million.
+Rome, the "Eternal City," was the capital of the Roman Republic and Empire, growing from Iron Age hilltop villages on the Tiber River into the largest city in the ancient world with a population exceeding one million. Archaeological evidence places the earliest habitation of the site from at least the 10th century BCE, with villages on the Seven Hills gradually coalescing into a unified city. [^3]
 
 ## Key Facts
 - Location: Central Italy, on the Tiber River
+- Earliest settlement: ~1000 BCE (Iron Age hilltop villages) @t[~1000 BCE]
 - Traditional founding: 753 BCE (Romulus and Remus legend) @t[=753 BCE]
-- Peak population: ~1 million by the 2nd century CE
-- Key hills: Palatine, Capitoline, Aventine, and four others ("Seven Hills")
+- Peak population: ~1 million by the 1st–2nd century CE
+- Seven Hills: Palatine, Capitoline, Aventine, Viminal, Quirinal, Esquiline, and Caelian
 
 ## Major Monuments
-- Roman Forum: Political and commercial center of the Republic and Empire
-- Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre): Completed ~80 CE, capacity ~50,000 [^1]
-- Pantheon: Rebuilt by Hadrian ~125 CE, largest unreinforced concrete dome
+- Roman Forum: Political and commercial center of the Republic and Empire; public use from ~500 BCE @t[~509 BCE..]
+- Servian Wall: Earliest city fortification, 4th century BCE @t[~378 BCE] [^2]
+- Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre): Completed ~80 CE, capacity ~50,000 @t[~0080] [^1]
+- Pantheon: Rebuilt by Hadrian ~125 CE, largest unreinforced concrete dome @t[~0125] [^2]
 - Circus Maximus: Chariot racing venue, capacity ~250,000
 - Baths of Caracalla and Diocletian
-- Aqueducts: 11 aqueducts supplied ~1 million cubic meters of water daily
+- Aurelian Walls: ~19 km defensive circuit enclosing the Seven Hills, built 271–275 CE @t[0271..0275] [^2]
+- Aqueducts: 11 aqueducts supplied ~1 million cubic meters of water daily [^2]
 
 ## Historical Significance
-- Capital of a republic (509–27 BCE) and empire (27 BCE–476 CE) @t[509 BCE..27 BCE]
+- Capital of a republic (509–27 BCE) and empire (27 BCE–476 CE) @t[509 BCE..27 BCE] @t[27 BCE..0476]
 - Center of Roman law, engineering, and administration
-- Sacked by Visigoths (410 CE) and Vandals (455 CE) @t[=410]
-- Fall of the Western Empire: 476 CE @t[=476] [^2]
+- Sacked by Visigoths (410 CE) @t[=0410] and Vandals (455 CE) @t[=0455] [^2]
+- Fall of the Western Empire: 476 CE @t[=0476] [^2]
 
 ---
 [^1]: Hopkins, K. & Beard, M. *The Colosseum* (Harvard, 2005)
-[^2]: Claridge, A. *Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide* (2010)
----
-
-## Review Queue
-
-<!-- factbase:review -->
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Location: Central Italy, on the Tiber River" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Hopkins (2005) [^1]; Claridge (2010) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "Traditional founding: 753 BCE (Romulus and Remus legend)" - when was this true?
-> 753 BCE event. Attested by Hopkins (2005) [^1]; Claridge (2010) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Peak population: ~1 million by the 2nd century CE" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Hopkins (2005) [^1]; Claridge (2010) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Key hills: Palatine, Capitoline, Aventine, and four others ("Seven Hills")" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Hopkins (2005) [^1]; Claridge (2010) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 16: "Roman Forum: Political and commercial center of the Republic and Empire" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Hopkins (2005) [^1]; Claridge (2010) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre): Completed ~80 CE, capacity ~50,000 [^1]" - when was this true?
-> 80 CE event. Attested by Hopkins (2005) [^1]; Claridge (2010) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Pantheon: Rebuilt by Hadrian ~125 CE, largest unreinforced concrete dome" - when was this true?
-> 125 CE event. Attested by Hopkins (2005) [^1]; Claridge (2010) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 19: "Circus Maximus: Chariot racing venue, capacity ~250,000" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Hopkins (2005) [^1]; Claridge (2010) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 20: "Baths of Caracalla and Diocletian" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Hopkins (2005) [^1]; Claridge (2010) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 21: "Aqueducts: 11 aqueducts supplied ~1 million cubic meters of water daily" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Hopkins (2005) [^1]; Claridge (2010) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "Capital of a republic (509–27 BCE) and empire (27 BCE–476 CE)" - when was this true?
-> 27 BCE event. Attested by Hopkins (2005) [^1]; Claridge (2010) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 25: "Center of Roman law, engineering, and administration" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Hopkins (2005) [^1]; Claridge (2010) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 26: Malformed temporal tag @t[=410] — see docs for valid syntax
-> Fix to @t[0410] - use 4-digit year format.
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 27: Malformed temporal tag @t[=476] — see docs for valid syntax
-> Fix to @t[0476] - use 4-digit year format.
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Location: Central Italy, on the Tiber River" - what is the source?
-> Hopkins & Beard (2005) [^1], Claridge (2010) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Traditional founding: 753 BCE (Romulus and Remus legend)" - what is the source?
-> Hopkins & Beard (2005) [^1], Claridge (2010) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Peak population: ~1 million by the 2nd century CE" - what is the source?
-> Hopkins & Beard (2005) [^1], Claridge (2010) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Key hills: Palatine, Capitoline, Aventine, and four others ("Seven Hills")" - what is the source?
-> Hopkins & Beard (2005) [^1], Claridge (2010) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 16: "Roman Forum: Political and commercial center of the Republic and Empire" - what is the source?
-> Hopkins & Beard (2005) [^1], Claridge (2010) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 18: "Pantheon: Rebuilt by Hadrian ~125 CE, largest unreinforced concrete dome" - what is the source?
-> Hopkins & Beard (2005) [^1], Claridge (2010) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 19: "Circus Maximus: Chariot racing venue, capacity ~250,000" - what is the source?
-> Hopkins & Beard (2005) [^1], Claridge (2010) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 20: "Baths of Caracalla and Diocletian" - what is the source?
-> Hopkins & Beard (2005) [^1], Claridge (2010) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 21: "Aqueducts: 11 aqueducts supplied ~1 million cubic meters of water daily" - what is the source?
-> Hopkins & Beard (2005) [^1], Claridge (2010) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 24: "Capital of a republic (509–27 BCE) and empire (27 BCE–476 CE)" - what is the source?
-> Hopkins & Beard (2005) [^1], Claridge (2010) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 25: "Center of Roman law, engineering, and administration" - what is the source?
-> Hopkins & Beard (2005) [^1], Claridge (2010) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 26: "Sacked by Visigoths (410 CE) and Vandals (455 CE) @t[=410]" - what is the source?
-> Hopkins & Beard (2005) [^1], Claridge (2010) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 17: "Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre): Completed ~80 CE, capacity ~50,000 [^1]" - Hopkins source from 2005 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
-> Scholarship remains current. Hopkins & Beard (2005) architectural analysis confirmed by recent archaeological studies.
-- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 27: "Fall of the Western Empire: 476 CE @t[=476] [^2]" - Claridge source from 2010 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
-> Scholarship remains current. Claridge (2010) historical analysis represents current scholarly consensus.
+[^2]: Claridge, A. *Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide* (Oxford University Press, 2010)
+[^3]: World History Encyclopedia, "Roman Forum" — Iron Age cemeteries at the Forum Romanum site, 11th–9th century BCE (worldhistory.org)