initial repo seedings

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# Ancient China
# Ancient China
## Overview
Ancient Chinese civilization developed along the Yellow and Yangtze rivers, producing enduring contributions to philosophy, governance, technology, and culture. This entry covers the period from the Shang dynasty through the Han dynasty (~1600 BCE 220 CE).
## Key Facts
- Region: East Asia, centered on the Yellow River and Yangtze River valleys
- Period covered: ~1600 BCE 220 CE
- Major dynasties: Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han
- Language: Old Chinese, Classical Chinese
- Writing: Oracle bone script (~1200 BCE), evolving into seal script and clerical script
## Major Dynasties
- Shang (~16001046 BCE): First historically verified dynasty, oracle bones, bronze casting [^1]
- Zhou (~1046256 BCE): Longest dynasty, Mandate of Heaven, Confucius, Laozi
- Qin (221206 BCE): First unified empire under Qin Shi Huang, Great Wall, standardization
- Han (206 BCE 220 CE): Silk Road trade, paper invention, Confucian state ideology
## Achievements
- Oracle bone script: Earliest Chinese writing ~1200 BCE
- Iron casting by ~500 BCE (centuries before the West)
- Silk production and trade
- Paper invented ~100 CE during the Han dynasty [^2]
- Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism as philosophical traditions
- Great Wall construction begun under Qin Shi Huang ~221 BCE
---
[^1]: Keightley, D. *Sources of Shang History* (University of California Press, 1978)
[^2]: Tsien, T. *Written on Bamboo and Silk* (University of Chicago Press, 2004)
---
## Review Queue
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