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<!-- factbase:af7739 -->
# Ancient Greece
# Ancient Greece
## Overview
Ancient Greece (~800–146 BCE) comprised independent city-states (*poleis*) that produced foundational contributions to Western philosophy, democracy, science, art, and literature.
## Key Facts
- Region: Greek peninsula, Aegean islands, western Anatolia, colonies across the Mediterranean
- Period: ~800 BCE (Archaic) – 146 BCE (Roman conquest)
- Major city-states: Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Thebes
- Language: Ancient Greek (Indo-European)
- Writing: Greek alphabet, adapted from Phoenician ~800 BCE
## Major Periods
- Archaic (~800–480 BCE): Colonization, rise of the polis, early philosophy
- Classical (480–323 BCE): Golden Age of Athens, Peloponnesian War, Alexander
- Hellenistic (323–146 BCE): Post-Alexander kingdoms, cultural diffusion
## Achievements
- Athenian democracy established ~508 BCE under Cleisthenes [^1]
- Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
- Drama: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes
- History: Herodotus, Thucydides
- Olympic Games, first held 776 BCE
- Parthenon completed ~432 BCE
## Decline
Greece fell under Macedonian hegemony after the Battle of Chaeronea (338 BCE), then became a Roman province after the destruction of Corinth in 146 BCE.
---
[^1]: Ober, J. *The Rise and Fall of Classical Greece* (Princeton, 2015)
---
## Review Queue
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