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<!-- factbase:06d51f -->
# Ashoka
# Ashoka
## Overview
Ashoka (~304–232 BCE) was the third Maurya emperor who, after the bloody conquest of Kalinga, converted to Buddhism and promoted non-violence through rock and pillar edicts across the Indian subcontinent.
## Key Facts
- Born: ~304 BCE, Pataliputra
- Died: ~232 BCE
- Reign: ~268–232 BCE
- Dynasty: Maurya
- Religion: Buddhism (after Kalinga War)
## The Kalinga War
- Conquered Kalinga (~262 BCE) with devastating casualties (~100,000 killed, 150,000 deported per his own edicts)
- The carnage prompted his conversion to Buddhism [^1]
## Ashoka's Edicts
- Rock and pillar edicts erected across the empire in Prakrit, Greek, and Aramaic
- Promoted *dhamma* (dharma): Non-violence, religious tolerance, welfare of subjects
- Established hospitals for humans and animals
- Sent Buddhist missionaries to Sri Lanka, Central Asia, and the Hellenistic world [^2]
## Legacy
- The Ashoka Chakra appears on India's national flag
- Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath is India's national emblem
- Rediscovered by James Prinsep who deciphered Brahmi script in 1837
---
[^1]: Thapar, R. *Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas* (Oxford, 1961)
[^2]: Singh, U. *A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India* (2008)
---
## Review Queue
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 21: "Rock and pillar edicts erected across the empire in Prakrit, Greek, and Aramaic" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 22: "Promoted *dhamma* (dharma): Non-violence, religious tolerance, welfare of sub..." - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 23: "Established hospitals for humans and animals" - when was this true?
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