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<!-- factbase:4fb0a1 -->
# Augustus
# Augustus
## Overview
Augustus (63 BCE – 14 CE), born Gaius Octavius, was the first Roman emperor. He transformed Rome from a republic into an empire and inaugurated the Pax Romana.
## Key Facts
- Born: 23 September 63 BCE, Rome
- Died: 19 August 14 CE, Nola @t[=14]
- Reign: 27 BCE – 14 CE
- Original name: Gaius Octavius; adopted as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
- Title: Augustus ("the revered one"), granted 27 BCE
## Rise to Power
- Adopted heir of Julius Caesar (44 BCE)
- Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus (43 BCE)
- Battle of Actium (31 BCE): Defeated Antony and Cleopatra [^1]
- Senate granted him the title Augustus (27 BCE), marking the start of the Principate
## Achievements
- Pax Romana: Inaugurated ~200 years of relative peace
- Administrative reforms: Professionalized the army, created the Praetorian Guard
- Building program: "Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble" [^2]
- Established the imperial succession system
- Month of August named after him
---
[^1]: Suetonius, *The Twelve Caesars*
[^2]: Everitt, A. *Augustus: The Life of Rome's First Emperor* (2006)
---
## Review Queue
<!-- factbase:review -->
- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Born: 23 September 63 BCE, Rome" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Reign: 27 BCE – 14 CE" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Original name: Gaius Octavius; adopted as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 14: "Title: Augustus ("the revered one"), granted 27 BCE" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Adopted heir of Julius Caesar (44 BCE)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus (43 BCE)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 19: "Battle of Actium (31 BCE): Defeated Antony and Cleopatra [^1]" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 20: "Senate granted him the title Augustus (27 BCE), marking the start of the Prin..." - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 23: "Pax Romana: Inaugurated ~200 years of relative peace" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "Administrative reforms: Professionalized the army, created the Praetorian Guard" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 25: "Building program: "Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble" [^2]" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 26: "Established the imperial succession system" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 27: "Month of August named after him" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: Malformed temporal tag @t[=14] — see docs for valid syntax
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Born: 23 September 63 BCE, Rome" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Died: 19 August 14 CE, Nola @t[=14]" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Reign: 27 BCE – 14 CE" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Original name: Gaius Octavius; adopted as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 14: "Title: Augustus ("the revered one"), granted 27 BCE" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 17: "Adopted heir of Julius Caesar (44 BCE)" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 18: "Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus (43 BCE)" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 20: "Senate granted him the title Augustus (27 BCE), marking the start of the Prin..." - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 23: "Pax Romana: Inaugurated ~200 years of relative peace" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 24: "Administrative reforms: Professionalized the army, created the Praetorian Guard" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 26: "Established the imperial succession system" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 27: "Month of August named after him" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[stale]` Line 25: "Building program: "Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble" [^2]" - Everitt source from 2006 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
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