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# Qin Shi Huang
# Qin Shi Huang
## Overview
Qin Shi Huang (259210 BCE) was the first emperor of a unified China, founding the Qin dynasty and establishing centralized imperial governance that would endure for over two millennia.
## Key Facts
- Born: 259 BCE, State of Zhao
- Died: 210 BCE (age 49)
- Reign as emperor: 221210 BCE
- Original name: Ying Zheng
- Dynasty: Qin
## Achievements
- Unified the Warring States into a single empire (221 BCE) [^1]
- Standardized weights, measures, currency, and writing across China
- Began construction of the Great Wall by linking existing fortifications
- Built an extensive road and canal network
- Terracotta Army: ~8,000 life-sized warrior figures guarding his mausoleum, discovered 1974 [^2]
## Controversies
- Burning of books and burying of scholars (~213212 BCE)
- Harsh Legalist governance
- Massive forced labor for construction projects
## Legacy
The Qin dynasty collapsed shortly after his death (206 BCE), but his unification model was adopted by the succeeding Han dynasty.
---
[^1]: Sima Qian, *Records of the Grand Historian* (*Shiji*)
[^2]: Portal, J. *The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army* (British Museum, 2007)
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## Review Queue
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Standardized weights, measures, currency, and writing across China" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 19: "Began construction of the Great Wall by linking existing fortifications" - what is the source?
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