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<!-- factbase:009548 -->
# Ramesses II
# Ramesses II
## Overview
Ramesses II (~1279–1213 BCE), also known as Ramesses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt and one of the most powerful and celebrated rulers of ancient Egypt.
## Key Facts
- Reign: ~1279–1213 BCE (66 years, one of the longest in Egyptian history)
- Dynasty: 19th Dynasty, New Kingdom
- Capital: Pi-Ramesses (Nile Delta)
- Died: ~age 90
## Major Events
- Battle of Kadesh (~1274 BCE): Fought the Hittites under Muwatalli II; indecisive but claimed as victory [^1]
- Treaty of Kadesh (~1259 BCE): Signed peace with Hittite king Hattusili III
- Built Abu Simbel temples in Nubia
- Expanded Karnak and Luxor temples
- Completed the hypostyle hall at Karnak
## Legacy
- Fathered over 100 children
- His mummy was discovered in the Deir el-Bahari cache (1881) [^2]
- Often identified (controversially) with the pharaoh of the Exodus narrative
- Nine subsequent pharaohs took the name Ramesses
---
[^1]: Kitchen, K.A. *Pharaoh Triumphant: The Life and Times of Ramesses II* (1982)
[^2]: Tyldesley, J. *Ramesses: Egypt's Greatest Pharaoh* (2000)
---
## Review Queue
<!-- factbase:review -->
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Capital: Pi-Ramesses (Nile Delta)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 16: "Battle of Kadesh (~1274 BCE): Fought the Hittites under Muwatalli II; indecis..." - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Treaty of Kadesh (~1259 BCE): Signed peace with Hittite king Hattusili III" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Built Abu Simbel temples in Nubia" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "His mummy was discovered in the Deir el-Bahari cache (1881) [^2]" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 25: "Often identified (controversially) with the pharaoh of the Exodus narrative" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[ambiguous]` Line 16: "Battle of Kadesh (~1274 BCE): Fought the Hittites under Muwatalli II; indecis..." - what does "II" mean in this context?
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- [ ] `@q[stale]` Line 24: "His mummy was discovered in the Deir el-Bahari cache (1881) [^2]" - Tyldesley source from 2000 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
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