Add BCE temporal tags to all documents; add temporal-dating steering doc
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# Carthage
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## Overview
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Carthage (~814–146 BCE) was a Phoenician colony that grew into a major Mediterranean power, rivaling Rome in three devastating Punic Wars before its total destruction.
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Carthage (~814–146 BCE) was a Phoenician colony that grew into a major Mediterranean power, rivaling Rome in three devastating Punic Wars before its total destruction. @t[814 BCE..146 BCE]
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## Key Facts
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- Region: North Africa (modern Tunisia), with territories in western Mediterranean
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- Period: ~814–146 BCE
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- Period: ~814–146 BCE @t[814 BCE..146 BCE]
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- Founded by: Phoenician settlers from Tyre, traditionally by Queen Dido
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- Language: Punic (Phoenician dialect)
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- Government: Oligarchic republic with elected *suffetes* (magistrates)
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## Punic Wars with Rome
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- First Punic War (264–241 BCE): Fought over Sicily; Rome won naval supremacy [^1]
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- Second Punic War (218–201 BCE): Hannibal's invasion of Italy via the Alps; Rome ultimately prevailed
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- Third Punic War (149–146 BCE): Rome besieged and destroyed Carthage completely
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- First Punic War (264–241 BCE): Fought over Sicily; Rome won naval supremacy @t[264 BCE..241 BCE] [^1]
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- Second Punic War (218–201 BCE): Hannibal's invasion of Italy via the Alps; Rome ultimately prevailed @t[218 BCE..201 BCE]
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- Third Punic War (149–146 BCE): Rome besieged and destroyed Carthage completely @t[149 BCE..146 BCE]
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## Achievements
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- Dominant Mediterranean naval and trading power
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@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Carthage (~814–146 BCE) was a Phoenician colony that grew into a major Mediter
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- Hannibal Barca: One of history's greatest military commanders [^2]
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## Destruction
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Rome destroyed Carthage in 146 BCE. The site was later refounded as a Roman colony by Julius Caesar in 46 BCE.
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Rome destroyed Carthage in 146 BCE. The site was later refounded as a Roman colony by Julius Caesar in 46 BCE. @t[=146 BCE]
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---
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[^1]: Goldsworthy, A. *The Fall of Carthage* (2003)
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