Add BCE temporal tags to all documents; add temporal-dating steering doc
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# Ashoka
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## Overview
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Ashoka (~304–232 BCE), also known as Ashoka the Great, was the third Maurya emperor who, after the bloody conquest of Kalinga, converted to Buddhism and promoted non-violence through rock and pillar edicts across the Indian subcontinent. His name means "without sorrow" in Sanskrit. In his edicts he styled himself *Devanampiya Piyadassi* ("Beloved of the Gods, gracious of mien"). [^3]
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Ashoka (~304–232 BCE), also known as Ashoka the Great, was the third Maurya emperor who, after the bloody conquest of Kalinga, converted to Buddhism and promoted non-violence through rock and pillar edicts across the Indian subcontinent. His name means "without sorrow" in Sanskrit. In his edicts he styled himself *Devanampiya Piyadassi* ("Beloved of the Gods, gracious of mien"). @t[304 BCE..232 BCE] [^3]
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## Key Facts
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- Born: ~304 BCE, Pataliputra
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- Died: ~232 BCE
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- Reign: ~268–232 BCE
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- Born: ~304 BCE, Pataliputra @t[~304 BCE]
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- Died: ~232 BCE @t[~232 BCE]
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- Reign: ~268–232 BCE @t[268 BCE..232 BCE]
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- Dynasty: Maurya
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- Religion: Buddhism (after Kalinga War)
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- Father: Bindusara (r. ~297–273 BCE)
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- Governed using the *Arthashastra* (political treatise attributed to Chanakya, Chandragupta's prime minister) as his administrative framework [^3]
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## The Kalinga War
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- Conquered Kalinga (~262 BCE) with devastating casualties (~100,000 killed, 150,000 deported per his own edicts)
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- Conquered Kalinga (~262 BCE) with devastating casualties (~100,000 killed, 150,000 deported per his own edicts) @t[~262 BCE]
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- The carnage prompted his conversion to Buddhism [^1]
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- His 13th Major Rock Edict records his remorse over the campaign
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## Ashoka's Edicts
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- 33 inscriptions total on pillars, boulders, and cave walls across the empire [^3]
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- Written in Prakrit, Greek, and Aramaic; the Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription (~260 BCE) is carved in both Greek and Aramaic at Chehel Zina, Afghanistan [^2]
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- Written in Prakrit, Greek, and Aramaic; the Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription (~260 BCE) is carved in both Greek and Aramaic at Chehel Zina, Afghanistan @t[~260 BCE] [^2]
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- Promoted *dhamma* (dharma): Non-violence, religious tolerance, welfare of subjects
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- Established hospitals for humans and animals
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- Sent Buddhist missionaries to Sri Lanka, Central Asia, and the Hellenistic world [^2]
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