Add BCE temporal tags to all documents; add temporal-dating steering doc
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# Augustus
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## Overview
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Augustus (63 BCE – 14 CE), born Gaius Octavius, was the first Roman emperor. He transformed Rome from a republic into an empire and inaugurated the Pax Romana. He is considered one of the most effective leaders in Roman history, ruling for over 40 years.
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Augustus (63 BCE – 14 CE), born Gaius Octavius, was the first Roman emperor. He transformed Rome from a republic into an empire and inaugurated the Pax Romana. He is considered one of the most effective leaders in Roman history, ruling for over 40 years. @t[63 BCE..14]
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## Key Facts
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- Born: 23 September 63 BCE, Rome [^1]
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- Born: 23 September 63 BCE, Rome @t[=63 BCE] [^1]
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- Died: 19 August 14 CE, Nola @t[=0014] [^1]
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- Reign: 27 BCE – 14 CE [^1]
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- Reign: 27 BCE – 14 CE @t[27 BCE..14] [^1]
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- Original name: Gaius Octavius; adopted as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus [^1]
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- Title: Augustus ("the revered one"), granted 27 BCE [^1]
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- Wife: Livia Drusilla (married 38 BCE; marriage lasted until his death) [^3]
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- Title: Augustus ("the revered one"), granted 27 BCE @t[=27 BCE] [^1]
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- Wife: Livia Drusilla (married 38 BCE; marriage lasted until his death) @t[=38 BCE] [^3]
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- Children: Julia the Elder (by Scribonia); no biological sons [^3]
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## Rise to Power
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- Adopted heir of Julius Caesar (44 BCE) [^1]
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- Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus (43 BCE) [^1]
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- Battle of Actium (31 BCE): Defeated Antony and Cleopatra [^1]
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- Senate granted him the title Augustus (27 BCE), marking the start of the Principate [^1]
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- Adopted heir of Julius Caesar (44 BCE) @t[=44 BCE] [^1]
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- Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus (43 BCE) @t[=43 BCE] [^1]
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- Battle of Actium (31 BCE): Defeated Antony and Cleopatra @t[=31 BCE] [^1]
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- Senate granted him the title Augustus (27 BCE), marking the start of the Principate @t[=27 BCE] [^1]
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## Achievements
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- Pax Romana: Inaugurated ~200 years of relative peace [^2]
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@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ Augustus (63 BCE – 14 CE), born Gaius Octavius, was the first Roman emperor. H
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- Established the imperial succession system; adopted stepson Tiberius as heir [^3]
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- Month of August named after him [^1]
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- Appointed *pontifex maximus*, becoming both secular and religious head of the empire [^4]
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- Revived traditional Roman religion: restored temples, reintroduced festivals (Lupercalia, Ludi Saeculares in 17 BCE) [^4]
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- Revived traditional Roman religion: restored temples, reintroduced festivals (Lupercalia, Ludi Saeculares in 17 BCE) @t[=17 BCE] [^4]
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- Social and moral reforms: *Lex Julia* legislation incentivized marriage and childbearing, penalized adultery as a civil crime [^4]
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- Established the Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace), dedicated 9 BCE [^4]
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- Established the Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace), dedicated 9 BCE @t[=9 BCE] [^4]
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## Succession
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Augustus was succeeded by his adopted stepson Tiberius (14–37 CE), founding the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Subsequent emperors — Caligula, Claudius, and Nero — were all descendants or adoptees within this line. [^3]
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