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Add BCE temporal tags to all documents; add temporal-dating steering doc

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daniel
2026-02-22 23:38:12 +00:00
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writing-systems/egyptian-hieroglyphics.md
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Egyptian hieroglyphics were the formal writing system of ancient Egypt, used for ~3,500 years on monuments, temples, and tombs. Deciphered by Jean-François Champollion in 1822 using the Rosetta Stone.
## Key Facts
- Origin: ~3200 BCE (earliest examples from Abydos)
- Period of use: ~3200 BCE – ~400 CE
- Origin: ~3200 BCE (earliest examples from Abydos) @t[~3200 BCE]
- Period of use: ~3200 BCE – ~400 CE @t[3200 BCE..400]
- Number of signs: ~700 in classical usage (expanded to ~5,000 in Ptolemaic period)
- Deciphered by: Jean-François Champollion (1822) using the Rosetta Stone [^1]
## System
- Combination of logographic, syllabic, and alphabetic elements
- Written left-to-right, right-to-left, or top-to-bottom (direction indicated by which way figures face)
- Hieratic: Cursive form for everyday use (~2600 BCE onward)
- Demotic: Later cursive form (~650 BCE onward)
- Hieratic: Cursive form for everyday use (~2600 BCE onward) @t[~2600 BCE]
- Demotic: Later cursive form (~650 BCE onward) @t[~650 BCE]
## Key Artifacts
- Rosetta Stone (196 BCE): Trilingual decree (hieroglyphic, Demotic, Greek) that enabled decipherment [^2]
- Narmer Palette (~3100 BCE): Among the earliest hieroglyphic inscriptions
- Rosetta Stone (196 BCE): Trilingual decree (hieroglyphic, Demotic, Greek) that enabled decipherment @t[=196 BCE] [^2]
- Narmer Palette (~3100 BCE): Among the earliest hieroglyphic inscriptions @t[~3100 BCE]
- Book of the Dead: Funerary texts with hieroglyphic illustrations
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