improve: Incense Route

.automate/.improve-state.tsv

@@ -53,3 +53,4 @@
 a025e0	1771813666
 a069ce	1771813753
 a94620	1771813827
+a9b8b0	1771813917

.automate/continuous-improve.log

@@ -9384,3 +9384,151 @@ Let me write the full updated document.
 
 [?25h
 status: UPDATED | Pompeii | changes: Fixed duplicate # Pompeii heading; removed stale answered review questions from document body; added History section covering Oscan founding (~7th-8th c. BCE), Samnite period, and Roman colony establishment (80 BCE as Colonia Cornelia Veneria Pompeianorum); added Eruption Date Controversy section documenting the October 79 CE debate (2018 charcoal inscription, victim clothing, seasonal food evidence); added Recent Discoveries section covering Grande Progetto Pompei, Regio V finds, slave room (2021), prison bakery (2023), post-eruption reoccupation evidence (2025); added Pliny the Younger as primary source footnote for eruption date; expanded footnotes to 8 citations
+[main 5c27397] improve: Pompeii
+ 6 files changed, 246 insertions(+), 90 deletions(-)
+ rewrite cities/pompeii.md (93%)
+[2026-02-23 02:31:57] ✅ Committed: improve: Pompeii
+[2026-02-23 02:31:57]   Done (83s) — UPDATED
+[2026-02-23 02:32:02] [16/66] Next up...
+[2026-02-23 02:32:02] ━━━ [Incense Route] (aca285) reviews=0 garbage=0 ━━━
+[2026-02-23 02:32:02]   🧹 Bash cleanup applied
+[2026-02-23 02:32:02]   🔍 Enrichment + review pass
+All tools are now trusted (!). Kiro will execute tools without asking for confirmation.
+Agents can sometimes do unexpected things so understand the risks.
+
+Learn more at https://kiro.dev/docs/cli/chat/security/#using-tools-trust-all-safely
+
+
+
+[?25l[?25lI'll share my reasoning process (using tool: thinking): Let me analyze the current document and plan what needs to be done:
+
+1. REVIEW QUESTIONS: Skip (0 open questions confirmed)
+
+2. IDENTITY & ORGANIZATION: The title "Incense Route" is appropriate for a trade route document. The file is in `trade-routes/` which is correct. However, I notice the document has a duplicate title - "# Incense Route" appears twice at the top. That's a bug to fix.
+
+3. ENRICH FROM OUTSIDE SOURCES: I need to search for additional information about the Incense Route to enrich the document.
+
+Let me also note issues with the current document:
+- Duplicate `# Incense Route` heading at the top
+- The document lacks temporal tags for the overall period (the "Period: ~7th century BCE – ~2nd century CE" line has no `@t[...]` tag)
+- The Nabataean control period, Kingdom of Saba period, etc. could use temporal tags
+- The decline section mentions ~1st century CE but has no temporal tag
+
+Let me search for enrichment information first, then update the document.
+ - Completed in 0.0s
+
+[?25l[?25l[?25lSearching the web for: Incense Route ancient Arabia frankincense trade archaeology scholarly (using tool: web_search)
+Searching the web for: Nabataean Incense Route Petra trade route ancient history UNESCO (using tool: web_search)
+
+ ✓ Found 10 search results
+ - Completed in 0.716s
+
+
+ ✓ Found 10 search results
+ - Completed in 0.666s
+
+[?25l[?25l[?25lSearching the web for: Incense Route UNESCO World Heritage Negev desert cities Haluza Mamshit Avdat Shivta (using tool: web_search)
+Searching the web for: Aelius Gallus Arabia Felix expedition 25 BCE Strabo ancient sources (using tool: web_search)
+
+ ✓ Found 10 search results
+ - Completed in 0.737s
+
+
+ ✓ Found 10 search results
+ - Completed in 0.968s
+
+[?25l[?25l[?25lSearching the web for: Roman annexation Nabataean Kingdom 106 CE Arabia Petraea Incense Route decline (using tool: web_search)
+Searching the web for: Periplus Maris Erythraei monsoon winds Hippalus direct sea trade India frankincense route decline (using tool: web_search)
+
+ ✓ Found 10 search results
+ - Completed in 0.948s
+
+
+ ✓ Found 10 search results
+ - Completed in 0.978s
+
+[?25l[?25lI'll share my reasoning process (using tool: thinking): Now I have enough information to significantly enrich the document. Let me plan the improvements:
+
+1. Fix the duplicate `# Incense Route` heading at the top
+2. Add temporal tags throughout the document
+3. Add new sections/facts:
+   - UNESCO World Heritage Site designation (2005) for the Negev desert cities
+   - The four Nabataean towns: Haluza, Mamshit, Avdat, Shivta
+   - Roman annexation of Nabataean Kingdom in 106 CE and its effect on the route
+   - Trade peaked after Roman annexation, then declined in 3rd century CE
+   - Hippalus and the monsoon wind discovery (1st century BCE/CE)
+   - The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as a primary source
+   - Aelius Gallus expedition was 26-24 BCE (not just 25 BCE) - actually the expedition started in 26 BCE
+   - Strabo as a primary source for the Aelius Gallus expedition
+   - The route also carried goods from India and East Africa (not just Arabian frankincense)
+   - The Nabataean Kingdom was annexed by Emperor Trajan in 106 CE
+
+Let me also note:
+- The document says "~7th century BCE" for the start, but scholarly sources say "roughly the 3rd century BC" for the flourishing period. The 7th century BCE is for earlier trade, while the main Nabataean-controlled route was from ~4th century BCE. I should be careful here.
+- The Aelius Gallus expedition: Wikipedia says he was prefect 26-24 BC, and the expedition was ordered by Augustus. The date 25 BCE is commonly cited for when the expedition set out.
+- The document has `@t[=25 BCE]` already for the Aelius Gallus expedition.
+
+Key additions:
+1. Add `@t[~700 BCE..~200 CE]` for the overall period
+2. Add `@t[~300 BCE..~200 CE]` for the Nabataean control period
+3. Add UNESCO World Heritage Site info
+4. Add the four Negev towns (Haluza, Mamshit, Avdat, Shivta)
+5. Add Roman annexation of Nabataean Kingdom 106 CE
+6. Add Hippalus/monsoon wind discovery as a more precise cause of decline
+7. Add Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as a primary source
+8. Add Strabo as a primary source for Aelius Gallus
+9. Note that trade peaked after 106 CE Roman annexation, then declined in 3rd century CE
+10. Add footnotes for new sources
+
+Let me also note the duplicate title issue - the document has `# Incense Route` twice. I need to fix that.
+
+Now let me write the updated document. I'll be surgical - fix the duplicate heading, add temporal tags, add new sections with proper citations.
+
+For the Aelius Gallus date: The expedition was ordered by Augustus and Gallus was prefect 26-24 BCE. The expedition itself is commonly dated to 26-25 BCE. The document says `@t[=25 BCE]` which is a reasonable approximation. I'll keep that but note it was 26-25 BCE.
+
+Actually, looking more carefully: encyclopedia.com says "In 25 b.c., the Roman emperor Augustus sent Aelius Gallus" - so 25 BCE is the commonly cited date. Wikipedia says he was prefect 26-24 BC. The expedition started in 26 BCE and ended in 24 BCE. I'll update to `@t[26 BCE..24 BCE]` range.
+
+Let me now write the updated document content. I need to be careful about the structure:
+
+Current issues:
+1. Duplicate `# Incense Route` heading
+2. No temporal tags on the period/key facts
+3. Missing UNESCO World Heritage info
+4. Missing Negev towns
+5. Missing Roman annexation 106 CE
+6. Missing Hippalus/monsoon detail
+7. Missing Periplus as primary source
+8. Missing Strabo as primary source
+
+New footnotes needed:
+- [^3]: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, "Incense Route – Desert Cities in the Negev" (2005)
+- [^4]: Strabo, *Geographica* XVII.1.53 (primary source for Aelius Gallus expedition)
+- [^5]: *Periplus of the Erythraean Sea* (1st century CE)
+
+Let me write the full updated document now.
+ - Completed in 0.0s
+
+[?25l> Now I have enough to write a substantially enriched document. Let me update it:
+[?25lRunning tool update_document with the param (from mcp server: factbase)
+ ⋮  {
+ ⋮    "id": "aca285",
+ ⋮    "content": "## Overview\nThe Incense Route was a network of trade paths connecting the Arabian Peninsula to the Mediterranean, primarily transporting frankincense and myrrh from southern Arabia (modern Yemen and Oman) to markets in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome. It also carried goods from India and East Africa, making it one of the ancient world's most economically significant trade networks.\n\n## Key Facts\n- Period: ~7th century BCE – ~3rd century CE @t[~700 BCE..~300 CE]\n- Peak activity: ~3rd century BCE – ~2nd century CE @t[~300 BCE..~200 CE]\n- Length: ~2,400 km (main overland route)\n- Key goods: Frankincense, myrrh, spices, textiles, Indian luxury goods\n- Key peoples: Nabataeans, Sabaeans, Minaeans [^1]\n\n## Route\n- Southern terminus: Dhofar (Oman) and Hadhramaut (Yemen)\n- Northern terminus: Gaza, Petra, Damascus\n- Key waypoints: Shabwa, Ma'rib, Petra, Gaza [^1]\n- Negev segment: Four Nabataean towns — Haluza, Mamshit, Avdat, and Shivta — served as key stations on the final leg from Petra to Gaza @t[~300 BCE..~200 CE] [^3]\n\n## Key Players\n- Nabataeans: Controlled the northern segment from Petra; grew wealthy as middlemen @t[~300 BCE..106 CE] [^1] [^2]\n- Kingdom of Saba (Sheba): Controlled production in southern Arabia [^1]\n- Minaeans: Earlier controllers of the southern Arabian trade, predating Nabataean dominance @t[~700 BCE..~100 BCE] [^1]\n- Romans: Attempted to conquer Arabia Felix under Aelius Gallus (26–24 BCE) but failed @t[26 BCE..24 BCE] [^2] [^4]\n\n## Roman Period\nRome annexed the Nabataean Kingdom under Emperor Trajan in 106 CE @t[=106 CE], creating the province of Arabia Petraea with Petra as its capital. Paradoxically, trade along the route reached its apex in the period immediately following annexation, before a marked decline set in during the 3rd century CE @t[~200 CE..~300 CE]. [^2] [^3]\n\n## Decline\nThe overland route declined for two main reasons:\n1. Romans discovered how to exploit monsoon wind patterns (attributed to the navigator Hippalus, ~1st century BCE) enabling direct sea trade with India via the Red Sea, bypassing overland routes @t[~100 BCE..~100 CE] [^5]\n2. The Roman annexation of Nabataea in 106 CE @t[=106 CE] disrupted the Nabataean middleman system, and the route saw sharp decline through the 3rd century CE [^3]\n\n## Primary Sources\n- Strabo, *Geographica* (1st century BCE/CE): Detailed account of the Aelius Gallus expedition and Arabian trade [^4]\n- *Periplus of the Erythraean Sea* (1st century CE): Eyewitness account of Red Sea and Indian Ocean trade routes, documenting the shift to maritime trade [^5]\n\n## UNESCO Recognition\nThe Negev segment of the route — comprising the Nabataean towns of Haluza, Mamshit, Avdat, and Shivta along with associated fortresses and agricultural landscapes — was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005 @t[=2005 CE]. [^3]\n\n---\n[^1]: Avanzini, A. *Along the Aroma Routes* (2008)\n[^2]: Hoyland, R. *Arabia and the Arabs* (Routledge, 2001)\n[^3]: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, \"Incense Route – Desert Cities in the Negev,\" inscribed 2005. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1107\n[^4]: Strabo, *Geographica* XVI.4.22–24 (primary source for Aelius Gallus expedition and Arabian trade)\n[^5]: *Periplus of the Erythraean Sea*, anonymous Greek-Egyptian author, 1st century CE (documents monsoon navigation and Red Sea trade)\n"
+ ⋮  }
+ - Completed in 0.25s
+
+[?25l> Document updated successfully. Let me verify the result:
+[?25lRunning tool get_entity with the param (from mcp server: factbase)
+ ⋮  {
+ ⋮    "id": "aca285",
+ ⋮    "max_content_length": 3000
+ ⋮  }
+ - Completed in 0.1s
+
+[?25l> The document looks good — duplicate heading is gone, temporal tags are in place, and new content is present. No factbase tool bugs to report (the update worked cleanly and no existing bug covers this scenario).
+
+<action_summary>status: UPDATED | Incense Route | changes: Fixed duplicate title heading; added temporal tags throughout (@t ranges for overall period, peak activity, Nabataean control, Minaean period, Aelius Gallus expedition corrected to 26–24 BCE range, Roman annexation 106 CE, decline period); added new Roman Period section covering Trajan's annexation and post-annexation trade peak; expanded Decline section with Hippalus/monsoon wind discovery; added Primary Sources section (Strabo, Periplus of the Erythraean Sea); added UNESCO World Heritage recognition (2005) with Negev towns Haluza, Mamshit, Avdat, Shivta; added Minaeans as earlier trade controllers; added three new footnotes [^3][^4][^5]</action_summary>
+
+ ▸ Time: 1m 14s
+
+[?25h
+status: UPDATED | Incense Route | changes: Fixed duplicate title heading; added temporal tags throughout (@t ranges for overall period, peak activity, Nabataean control, Minaean period, Aelius Gallus expedition corrected to 26–24 BCE range, Roman annexation 106 CE, decline period); added new Roman Period section covering Trajan's annexation and post-annexation trade peak; expanded Decline section with Hippalus/monsoon wind discovery; added Primary Sources section (Strabo, Periplus of the Erythraean Sea); added UNESCO World Heritage recognition (2005) with Negev towns Haluza, Mamshit, Avdat, Shivta; added Minaeans as earlier trade controllers; added three new footnotes [^3][^4][^5]

.automate/improve-history.log

@@ -163,3 +163,6 @@
 [2026-02-23T02:30:27+00:00] a94620 | Phoenician Alphabet
   status: UPDATED | Phoenician Alphabet | changes: Fixed duplicate title heading; removed answered review questions block; added citations to all previously uncited key facts; added Oldest Known Evidence section (Ahiram Sarcophagus, Byblos, 1923); added Letter Names and Acrophonic Principle section with Unicode examples; added Punic script descendant with temporal range; added Iron Age language usage note; added Unicode block reference; added 3 new footnotes
   duration: 66s
+[2026-02-23T02:31:57+00:00] a9b8b0 | Pompeii
+  status: UPDATED | Pompeii | changes: Fixed duplicate # Pompeii heading; removed stale answered review questions from document body; added History section covering Oscan founding (~7th-8th c. BCE), Samnite period, and Roman colony establishment (80 BCE as Colonia Cornelia Veneria Pompeianorum); added Eruption Date Controversy section documenting the October 79 CE debate (2018 charcoal inscription, victim clothing, seasonal food evidence); added Recent Discoveries section covering Grande Progetto Pompei, Regio V finds, slave room (2021), prison bakery (2023), post-eruption reoccupation evidence (2025); added Pliny the Younger as primary source footnote for eruption date; expanded footnotes to 8 citations
+  duration: 83s

logs/mcp-puppeteer-2026-02-23.log

@@ -121,3 +121,6 @@
 {"level":"info","message":"Starting MCP server","service":"mcp-puppeteer","timestamp":"2026-02-23 02:30:35.054"}
 {"level":"info","message":"MCP server started successfully","service":"mcp-puppeteer","timestamp":"2026-02-23 02:30:35.057"}
 {"level":"info","message":"Puppeteer MCP Server closing","service":"mcp-puppeteer","timestamp":"2026-02-23 02:31:54.976"}
+{"level":"info","message":"Starting MCP server","service":"mcp-puppeteer","timestamp":"2026-02-23 02:32:05.775"}
+{"level":"info","message":"MCP server started successfully","service":"mcp-puppeteer","timestamp":"2026-02-23 02:32:05.777"}
+{"level":"info","message":"Puppeteer MCP Server closing","service":"mcp-puppeteer","timestamp":"2026-02-23 02:33:21.503"}

trade-routes/incense-route.md

@@ -1,75 +1,46 @@
 <!-- factbase:aca285 -->
 # Incense Route
 
-# Incense Route
-
 ## Overview
-The Incense Route was a network of trade paths connecting the Arabian Peninsula to the Mediterranean, primarily transporting frankincense and myrrh from southern Arabia (modern Yemen and Oman) to markets in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome.
+The Incense Route was a network of trade paths connecting the Arabian Peninsula to the Mediterranean, primarily transporting frankincense and myrrh from southern Arabia (modern Yemen and Oman) to markets in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome. It also carried goods from India and East Africa, making it one of the ancient world's most economically significant trade networks.
 
 ## Key Facts
-- Period: ~7th century BCE – ~2nd century CE
+- Period: ~7th century BCE – ~3rd century CE @t[~700 BCE..~300 CE]
+- Peak activity: ~3rd century BCE – ~2nd century CE @t[~300 BCE..~200 CE]
 - Length: ~2,400 km (main overland route)
-- Key goods: Frankincense, myrrh, spices, textiles
+- Key goods: Frankincense, myrrh, spices, textiles, Indian luxury goods
-- Key peoples: Nabataeans, Sabaeans, Minaeans
+- Key peoples: Nabataeans, Sabaeans, Minaeans [^1]
 
 ## Route
 - Southern terminus: Dhofar (Oman) and Hadhramaut (Yemen)
 - Northern terminus: Gaza, Petra, Damascus
 - Key waypoints: Shabwa, Ma'rib, Petra, Gaza [^1]
+- Negev segment: Four Nabataean towns — Haluza, Mamshit, Avdat, and Shivta — served as key stations on the final leg from Petra to Gaza @t[~300 BCE..~200 CE] [^3]
 
 ## Key Players
-- Nabataeans: Controlled the northern segment from Petra; grew wealthy as middlemen
+- Nabataeans: Controlled the northern segment from Petra; grew wealthy as middlemen @t[~300 BCE..106 CE] [^1] [^2]
-- Kingdom of Saba (Sheba): Controlled production in southern Arabia
+- Kingdom of Saba (Sheba): Controlled production in southern Arabia [^1]
-- Romans: Attempted to conquer Arabia Felix under Aelius Gallus (25 BCE) but failed @t[=25 BCE] [^2]
+- Minaeans: Earlier controllers of the southern Arabian trade, predating Nabataean dominance @t[~700 BCE..~100 BCE] [^1]
+- Romans: Attempted to conquer Arabia Felix under Aelius Gallus (26–24 BCE) but failed @t[26 BCE..24 BCE] [^2] [^4]
+
+## Roman Period
+Rome annexed the Nabataean Kingdom under Emperor Trajan in 106 CE @t[=106 CE], creating the province of Arabia Petraea with Petra as its capital. Paradoxically, trade along the route reached its apex in the period immediately following annexation, before a marked decline set in during the 3rd century CE @t[~200 CE..~300 CE]. [^2] [^3]
 
 ## Decline
-Declined after the Romans discovered monsoon wind patterns enabling direct sea trade with India (~1st century CE), bypassing overland routes.
+The overland route declined for two main reasons:
+1. Romans discovered how to exploit monsoon wind patterns (attributed to the navigator Hippalus, ~1st century BCE) enabling direct sea trade with India via the Red Sea, bypassing overland routes @t[~100 BCE..~100 CE] [^5]
+2. The Roman annexation of Nabataea in 106 CE @t[=106 CE] disrupted the Nabataean middleman system, and the route saw sharp decline through the 3rd century CE [^3]
+
+## Primary Sources
+- Strabo, *Geographica* (1st century BCE/CE): Detailed account of the Aelius Gallus expedition and Arabian trade [^4]
+- *Periplus of the Erythraean Sea* (1st century CE): Eyewitness account of Red Sea and Indian Ocean trade routes, documenting the shift to maritime trade [^5]
+
+## UNESCO Recognition
+The Negev segment of the route — comprising the Nabataean towns of Haluza, Mamshit, Avdat, and Shivta along with associated fortresses and agricultural landscapes — was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005 @t[=2005 CE]. [^3]
 
 ---
 [^1]: Avanzini, A. *Along the Aroma Routes* (2008)
 [^2]: Hoyland, R. *Arabia and the Arabs* (Routledge, 2001)
----
+[^3]: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, "Incense Route – Desert Cities in the Negev," inscribed 2005. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1107
-
+[^4]: Strabo, *Geographica* XVI.4.22–24 (primary source for Aelius Gallus expedition and Arabian trade)
-## Review Queue
+[^5]: *Periplus of the Erythraean Sea*, anonymous Greek-Egyptian author, 1st century CE (documents monsoon navigation and Red Sea trade)
-
-<!-- factbase:review -->
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Period: ~7th century BCE – ~2nd century CE" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Avanzini (2008) [^1]; Hoyland (2001) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "Length: ~2,400 km (main overland route)" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Avanzini (2008) [^1]; Hoyland (2001) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Key goods: Frankincense, myrrh, spices, textiles" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Avanzini (2008) [^1]; Hoyland (2001) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Key peoples: Nabataeans, Sabaeans, Minaeans" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Avanzini (2008) [^1]; Hoyland (2001) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 16: "Southern terminus: Dhofar (Oman) and Hadhramaut (Yemen)" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Avanzini (2008) [^1]; Hoyland (2001) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Northern terminus: Gaza, Petra, Damascus" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Avanzini (2008) [^1]; Hoyland (2001) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Key waypoints: Shabwa, Ma'rib, Petra, Gaza [^1]" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Avanzini (2008) [^1]; Hoyland (2001) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 21: "Nabataeans: Controlled the northern segment from Petra; grew wealthy as middl..." - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Avanzini (2008) [^1]; Hoyland (2001) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 22: "Kingdom of Saba (Sheba): Controlled production in southern Arabia" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Avanzini (2008) [^1]; Hoyland (2001) [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 23: "Romans: Attempted to conquer Arabia Felix under Aelius Gallus (25 BCE) but fa..." - when was this true?
-> 25 BCE event. Attested by Avanzini (2008) [^1]; Hoyland (2001) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Period: ~7th century BCE – ~2nd century CE" - what is the source?
-> Avanzini (2008) [^1], Hoyland (2001) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Length: ~2,400 km (main overland route)" - what is the source?
-> Avanzini (2008) [^1], Hoyland (2001) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Key goods: Frankincense, myrrh, spices, textiles" - what is the source?
-> Avanzini (2008) [^1], Hoyland (2001) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Key peoples: Nabataeans, Sabaeans, Minaeans" - what is the source?
-> Avanzini (2008) [^1], Hoyland (2001) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 16: "Southern terminus: Dhofar (Oman) and Hadhramaut (Yemen)" - what is the source?
-> Avanzini (2008) [^1], Hoyland (2001) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 17: "Northern terminus: Gaza, Petra, Damascus" - what is the source?
-> Avanzini (2008) [^1], Hoyland (2001) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 21: "Nabataeans: Controlled the northern segment from Petra; grew wealthy as middl..." - what is the source?
-> Avanzini (2008) [^1], Hoyland (2001) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 22: "Kingdom of Saba (Sheba): Controlled production in southern Arabia" - what is the source?
-> Avanzini (2008) [^1], Hoyland (2001) [^2]
-- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 18: "Key waypoints: Shabwa, Ma'rib, Petra, Gaza [^1]" - Avanzini source from 2008 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
-> Scholarship remains current. Avanzini's work on ancient Arabian trade is still authoritative.
-- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 23: "Romans: Attempted to conquer Arabia Felix under Aelius Gallus (25 BCE) but fa..." - Hoyland source from 2001 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
-> Scholarship remains current. Hoyland's work on pre-Islamic Arabia is still foundational.