Enrich Pericles: add First Peloponnesian War, Congress Decree, Aspasia dates, Phidias, Samos siege, Kresilas bust, legacy section

rulers/pericles.md

@@ -16,72 +16,46 @@ Pericles (Greek: Περικλῆς, "surrounded by glory"; ~495–429 BCE) was a
 - Music teacher: Damon of Oa (though Aristotle names Pythoclides); Damon was later ostracized partly due to his association with Pericles [^1]
 - Intellectual mentor: Anaxagoras, the philosopher, who shaped Pericles' rationalist outlook [^1]
 - As a young man (~472 BCE), funded the production of Aeschylus's *The Persae* as choregos @t[~472 BCE] [^1]
+- Entered politics around 470 BCE; initially introverted, he avoided public appearances in his youth @t[~470 BCE] [^4]
 
 ## Rise to Power
 - Aligned with Ephialtes to curtail the powers of the Areopagus (~462–461 BCE), marking the start of radical Athenian democracy @t[462 BCE..461 BCE] [^2]
-- Led the prosecution of Cimon in 463 BCE; Cimon was ostracized in 461 BCE, clearing the path for Pericles' dominance @t[=463 BCE] [^2]
+- Led the prosecution of Cimon in 463 BCE on charges of corruption in his dealings with Macedon; Cimon was acquitted but ostracized in 461 BCE, clearing the path for Pericles' dominance @t[=463 BCE] [^2]
 - After Ephialtes' assassination (461 BCE), became the preeminent leader of Athens @t[=461 BCE]
 - The period of his leadership (~461–429 BCE) is known as the "Age of Pericles" @t[461 BCE..429 BCE] [^2]
 
 ## Achievements
 - Expanded Athenian democracy: Introduced pay for jury service, opening participation to poorer citizens [^1]
 - Citizenship law (451 BCE): Restricted Athenian citizenship to those born of two Athenian citizen parents @t[=451 BCE] [^1]
-- Commissioned the Parthenon and other Acropolis buildings (~447–432 BCE) @t[447 BCE..432 BCE] [^1]
+- Congress Decree (449 BCE): Invited all Greek city-states to a pan-Hellenic congress to discuss rebuilding temples destroyed by Persia; Sparta refused to attend, stalling the initiative @t[=449 BCE] [^4]
+- Commissioned the Parthenon and other Acropolis buildings (~447–432 BCE), with sculptor Phidias overseeing the artistic program @t[447 BCE..432 BCE] [^1]
 - Led the Delian League, transforming it into an Athenian empire [^2]
 - Funded free theater access for all citizens, reinforcing cultural and civic participation [^1]
 - Funeral Oration (431 BCE): Celebrated Athenian democracy and values @t[=431 BCE] [^2]
+- Led Athenian forces in the siege of Samos (440 BCE) @t[=440 BCE] [^4]
 
 ## Personal Life
-- Companion: Aspasia of Miletus, an intellectual and rhetorician; could not legally marry her under his own citizenship law [^1]
+- Companion: Aspasia of Miletus (~470–410 BCE), an intellectual and rhetorician; could not legally marry her under his own citizenship law [^1]
+- Divorced his first wife (name unknown) around 445 BCE to live with Aspasia @t[~445 BCE] [^4]
 - Had a son, Pericles the Younger, by Aspasia; citizenship was granted to him by special decree [^3]
 
+## First Peloponnesian War (460–446 BCE)
+- Athens fought Sparta and its allies (primarily Corinth) for supremacy in Greece @t[460 BCE..446 BCE] [^2]
+- Pericles commanded Athenian forces in multiple engagements; neither side gained a decisive advantage [^4]
+- Cimon, returning from exile in 451 BCE, brokered a truce between Athens and Sparta on Pericles' behalf @t[=451 BCE] [^4]
+- The war concluded with a treaty establishing limits on both Athenian and Spartan power [^2]
+
 ## Peloponnesian War
 - His defensive strategy against Sparta (retreating behind the Long Walls) led to overcrowding in Athens [^2]
 - Plague of Athens (430–426 BCE) killed ~25% of the population, including Pericles himself in 429 BCE @t[430 BCE..426 BCE] [^2]
 - Was tried and fined by the Athenians during the war, then re-elected strategos shortly before his death [^2]
 
+## Legacy
+- The sculptor Kresilas created an idealized portrait bust of Pericles (~425 BCE), widely copied in antiquity @t[~425 BCE] [^4]
+- Thucydides argued that Pericles' successors, seeking popularity over effectiveness, led Athens to ruin — culminating in defeat by Sparta in 404 BCE [^2]
+
 ---
 [^1]: Plutarch, *Life of Pericles*
 [^2]: Thucydides, *History of the Peloponnesian War* 2.35–46
 [^3]: Plutarch, *Life of Pericles*; cf. Researchgate, "Pericles the Younger and the Citizenship Law" (2008)
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-
-## Review Queue
-
-<!-- factbase:review -->
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Born: ~495 BCE, Athens" - when was this true?
-> 495 BCE event. Attested by Plutarch (~75 CE) [^1]; Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^2]; Plutarch (~75 CE) [^3]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "Died: 429 BCE, Athens (plague)" - when was this true?
-> 429 BCE event. Attested by Plutarch (~75 CE) [^1]; Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^2]; Plutarch (~75 CE) [^3]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Role: Strategos (general), elected repeatedly ~443–429 BCE" - when was this true?
-> 429 BCE event. Attested by Plutarch (~75 CE) [^1]; Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^2]; Plutarch (~75 CE) [^3]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Political alignment: Democratic faction" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Plutarch (~75 CE) [^1]; Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^2]; Plutarch (~75 CE) [^3].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 16: "Expanded Athenian democracy: Introduced pay for jury service, opening partici..." - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Plutarch (~75 CE) [^1]; Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^2]; Plutarch (~75 CE) [^3].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Commissioned the Parthenon and other Acropolis buildings (~447–432 BCE)" - when was this true?
-> 432 BCE event. Attested by Plutarch (~75 CE) [^1]; Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^2]; Plutarch (~75 CE) [^3]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Led the Delian League, transforming it into an Athenian empire" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Plutarch (~75 CE) [^1]; Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^2]; Plutarch (~75 CE) [^3].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 19: "Funeral Oration (431 BCE): Celebrated Athenian democracy and values [^2]" - when was this true?
-> 431 BCE event. Attested by Plutarch (~75 CE) [^1]; Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^2]; Plutarch (~75 CE) [^3]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 22: "His defensive strategy against Sparta (retreating behind the Long Walls) led ..." - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Plutarch (~75 CE) [^1]; Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^2]; Plutarch (~75 CE) [^3].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 23: "Plague of Athens (430–426 BCE) killed ~25% of the population, including Per..." - when was this true?
-> 426 BCE event. Attested by Plutarch (~75 CE) [^1]; Thucydides (~400 BCE) [^2]; Plutarch (~75 CE) [^3]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Born: ~495 BCE, Athens" - what is the source?
-> Plutarch Life of Pericles [^1]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Died: 429 BCE, Athens (plague)" - what is the source?
-> Plutarch Life of Pericles [^1]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Role: Strategos (general), elected repeatedly ~443–429 BCE" - what is the source?
-> Plutarch Life of Pericles [^1]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Political alignment: Democratic faction" - what is the source?
-> Plutarch Life of Pericles [^1]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 17: "Commissioned the Parthenon and other Acropolis buildings (~447–432 BCE)" - what is the source?
-> Plutarch Life of Pericles [^1]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 18: "Led the Delian League, transforming it into an Athenian empire" - what is the source?
-> Thucydides 2.35-46 [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 22: "His defensive strategy against Sparta (retreating behind the Long Walls) led ..." - what is the source?
-> Thucydides 2.35-46 [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 23: "Plague of Athens (430–426 BCE) killed ~25% of the population, including Per..." - what is the source?
-> Thucydides 2.35-46 [^2]
+[^4]: Mark, Joshua J. "Pericles." *World History Encyclopedia*, 28 Mar 2018. https://www.worldhistory.org/pericles/