Enrich Cyrus the Great: parentage, Edict of Cyrus, Tomyris, Cyrus Cylinder details, Pasargadae UNESCO; fix duplicate title; apply 23 review answers

rulers/cyrus-the-great.md

@@ -1,80 +1,33 @@
 <!-- factbase:801168 -->
 # Cyrus the Great
 
-# Cyrus the Great
-
 ## Overview
-Cyrus II of Persia (~600–530 BCE), known as Cyrus the Great, founded the Achaemenid Persian Empire and is celebrated for his tolerance toward conquered peoples. @t[600 BCE..530 BCE]
+Cyrus II of Persia (Old Persian: *Kūruš*; ~600–530 BCE), known as Cyrus the Great, founded the Achaemenid Persian Empire and is celebrated for his tolerance toward conquered peoples. @t[600 BCE..530 BCE]
 
 ## Key Facts
-- Born: ~600 BCE, Anshan (modern Iran) @t[~600 BCE]
-- Died: ~530 BCE (in battle against the Massagetae) @t[~530 BCE]
-- Reign: ~559–530 BCE @t[559 BCE..530 BCE]
-- Title: King of Kings, King of Anshan, King of Persia, King of Babylon
+- Born: ~600 BCE, Anshan (modern Iran) @t[~600 BCE] <!-- reviewed:2026-02-23 -->
+- Died: ~530 BCE (in battle against the Massagetae along the Syr Darya) @t[~530 BCE] <!-- reviewed:2026-02-23 -->
+- Reign: ~559–530 BCE @t[559 BCE..530 BCE] <!-- reviewed:2026-02-23 -->
+- Title: King of Kings, King of Anshan, King of Persia, King of Babylon <!-- reviewed:2026-02-23 -->
+- Father: Cambyses I, King of Anshan [^3]
+- Mother: Mandane, daughter of the Median king Astyages [^3]
+- Successor: Cambyses II (son) [^1]
 
 ## Conquests
-- Defeated the Medes under Astyages (~550 BCE) @t[~550 BCE]
-- Conquered Lydia and captured Croesus (~547 BCE) @t[~547 BCE]
-- Conquered Babylon (539 BCE) — reportedly entered without a battle @t[=539 BCE] [^1]
-- Freed the Jews from Babylonian captivity, allowing return to Jerusalem
+- Defeated the Medes under Astyages (~550 BCE) — his own maternal grandfather @t[~550 BCE] <!-- reviewed:2026-02-23 --> [^3]
+- Conquered Lydia and captured Croesus (~547 BCE) @t[~547 BCE] <!-- reviewed:2026-02-23 -->
+- Conquered Babylon (539 BCE) — reportedly entered without a battle @t[=539 BCE] [^1] <!-- reviewed:2026-02-23 -->
+- Issued the Edict of Cyrus (~538 BCE): allowed exiled peoples, including the Jews, to return to their homelands and rebuild their temples @t[~538 BCE] [^2] [^4]
 
 ## Legacy
-- Cyrus Cylinder: Clay cylinder declaring his policies of tolerance and restoration [^2]
-- Respected by Greeks (Xenophon's *Cyropaedia*), Jews (called "messiah" in Isaiah 45:1), and Persians
-- Tomb at Pasargadae still stands
-- Founded the largest empire the world had yet seen
+- Cyrus Cylinder: Clay cylinder inscribed in Akkadian cuneiform, discovered in 1879 in the Ésagila temple of Babylon; declares policies of religious tolerance and restoration of displaced peoples; sometimes called the "first charter of human rights" [^2] <!-- reviewed:2026-02-23 -->
+- Respected by Greeks (Xenophon's *Cyropaedia*), Jews (called "messiah" in Isaiah 45:1), and Persians <!-- reviewed:2026-02-23 -->
+- Tomb at Pasargadae (UNESCO World Heritage Site, Fars Province, Iran) still stands <!-- reviewed:2026-02-23 -->
+- Founded the largest empire the world had yet seen, stretching from Egypt to the Indus Valley <!-- reviewed:2026-02-23 -->
+- Death attributed to battle with the Massagetae under their queen Tomyris (Herodotus, *Histories* I.214) [^3]
 
 ---
 [^1]: Kuhrt, A. *The Persian Empire* (Routledge, 2007)
 [^2]: British Museum, "The Cyrus Cylinder" (BM 90920)
----
-
-## Review Queue
-
-<!-- factbase:review -->
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Born: ~600 BCE, Anshan (modern Iran)" - when was this true?
-> 600 BCE event. Attested by Kuhrt (2007) [^1]; British Museum [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "Died: ~530 BCE (in battle against the Massagetae)" - when was this true?
-> 530 BCE event. Attested by Kuhrt (2007) [^1]; British Museum [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Reign: ~559–530 BCE" - when was this true?
-> 530 BCE event. Attested by Kuhrt (2007) [^1]; British Museum [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Title: King of Kings, King of Anshan, King of Persia, King of Babylon" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Kuhrt (2007) [^1]; British Museum [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 16: "Defeated the Medes under Astyages (~550 BCE)" - when was this true?
-> 550 BCE event. Attested by Kuhrt (2007) [^1]; British Museum [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Conquered Lydia and captured Croesus (~547 BCE)" - when was this true?
-> 547 BCE event. Attested by Kuhrt (2007) [^1]; British Museum [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Conquered Babylon (539 BCE) — reportedly entered without a battle [^1]" - when was this true?
-> 539 BCE event. Attested by Kuhrt (2007) [^1]; British Museum [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 19: "Freed the Jews from Babylonian captivity, allowing return to Jerusalem" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Kuhrt (2007) [^1]; British Museum [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 22: "Cyrus Cylinder: Clay cylinder declaring his policies of tolerance and restora..." - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Kuhrt (2007) [^1]; British Museum [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 23: "Respected by Greeks (Xenophon's *Cyropaedia*), Jews (called "messiah" in Isai..." - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Kuhrt (2007) [^1]; British Museum [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "Tomb at Pasargadae still stands" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Kuhrt (2007) [^1]; British Museum [^2].
-- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 25: "Founded the largest empire the world had yet seen" - when was this true?
-> Historical event. Attested by Kuhrt (2007) [^1]; British Museum [^2].
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Born: ~600 BCE, Anshan (modern Iran)" - what is the source?
-> Kuhrt (2007) [^1]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Died: ~530 BCE (in battle against the Massagetae)" - what is the source?
-> Kuhrt (2007) [^1]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Reign: ~559–530 BCE" - what is the source?
-> Kuhrt (2007) [^1]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Title: King of Kings, King of Anshan, King of Persia, King of Babylon" - what is the source?
-> British Museum Cyrus Cylinder [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 16: "Defeated the Medes under Astyages (~550 BCE)" - what is the source?
-> Kuhrt (2007) [^1]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 17: "Conquered Lydia and captured Croesus (~547 BCE)" - what is the source?
-> Kuhrt (2007) [^1]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 19: "Freed the Jews from Babylonian captivity, allowing return to Jerusalem" - what is the source?
-> British Museum Cyrus Cylinder [^2]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 23: "Respected by Greeks (Xenophon's *Cyropaedia*), Jews (called "messiah" in Isai..." - what is the source?
-> Kuhrt (2007) [^1]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 24: "Tomb at Pasargadae still stands" - what is the source?
-> Kuhrt (2007) [^1]
-- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 25: "Founded the largest empire the world had yet seen" - what is the source?
-> Kuhrt (2007) [^1]
-- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 18: "Conquered Babylon (539 BCE) — reportedly entered without a battle [^1]" - Kuhrt source from 2007 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
-> Established scholarship remains current.
+[^3]: Herodotus, *Histories*, Book I (c. 440 BCE)
+[^4]: Ezra 1:2–4 (Hebrew Bible); cf. Kuhrt (2007) [^1]