Enrich Ashoka: add family/early career, empire extent, edict count, Kandahar inscription, fix duplicate heading
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0648e6 1771799566
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@@ -121,3 +121,11 @@ To https://gitea.home.everyonce.com/daniel/factbase-ancient-history.git
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status: UPDATED | Pericles | changes: Fixed duplicate # Pericles heading; added Greek name etymology; expanded Key Facts with family (father Xanthippus, mother Agariste/Alcmaeonidae); added Early Life & Education section (Damon, Anaxagoras, choregos for Aeschylus 472 BCE); added Rise to Power section (Ephialtes reforms 462–461 BCE, Cimon prosecution/ostracism, Age of Pericles 461–429 BCE); added citizenship law of 451 BCE; added free theater access; added Personal Life section (Aspasia, Pericles the Younger); added trial/re-election note in Peloponnesian War; added [^3] citation for Pericles the Younger citizenship
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status: UPDATED | Pericles | changes: Fixed duplicate # Pericles heading; added Greek name etymology; expanded Key Facts with family (father Xanthippus, mother Agariste/Alcmaeonidae); added Early Life & Education section (Damon, Anaxagoras, choregos for Aeschylus 472 BCE); added Rise to Power section (Ephialtes reforms 462–461 BCE, Cimon prosecution/ostracism, Age of Pericles 461–429 BCE); added citizenship law of 451 BCE; added free theater access; added Personal Life section (Aspasia, Pericles the Younger); added trial/re-election note in Peloponnesian War; added [^3] citation for Pericles the Younger citizenship
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[main 38a478e] improve: Pericles
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2 files changed, 111 insertions(+)
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[2026-02-22 22:32:46] ✅ Committed: improve: Pericles
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[2026-02-22 22:32:46] Done (64s) — UPDATED
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[2026-02-22 22:32:51] [2/66] Next up...
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[2026-02-22 22:32:51] ━━━ [Ashoka] (06d51f) reviews=0 garbage=0 ━━━
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[2026-02-22 22:32:51] 🧹 Bash cleanup applied
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[2026-02-22 22:32:51] 👤 Incomplete name (ruler doc) → agent needed to resolve identity
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.automate/improve-history.log
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[2026-02-22T22:32:46+00:00] 0648e6 | Pericles
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status: UPDATED | Pericles | changes: Fixed duplicate # Pericles heading; added Greek name etymology; expanded Key Facts with family (father Xanthippus, mother Agariste/Alcmaeonidae); added Early Life & Education section (Damon, Anaxagoras, choregos for Aeschylus 472 BCE); added Rise to Power section (Ephialtes reforms 462–461 BCE, Cimon prosecution/ostracism, Age of Pericles 461–429 BCE); added citizenship law of 451 BCE; added free theater access; added Personal Life section (Aspasia, Pericles the Younger); added trial/re-election note in Peloponnesian War; added [^3] citation for Pericles the Younger citizenship
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{"level":"info","message":"Starting MCP server","service":"mcp-puppeteer","timestamp":"2026-02-22 22:31:42.250"}
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{"level":"info","message":"Starting MCP server","service":"mcp-puppeteer","timestamp":"2026-02-22 22:31:42.250"}
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{"level":"info","message":"Puppeteer MCP Server closing","service":"mcp-puppeteer","timestamp":"2026-02-22 22:32:43.196"}
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{"level":"info","message":"Starting MCP server","service":"mcp-puppeteer","timestamp":"2026-02-22 22:32:54.576"}
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{"level":"info","message":"MCP server started successfully","service":"mcp-puppeteer","timestamp":"2026-02-22 22:32:54.578"}
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<!-- factbase:06d51f -->
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<!-- factbase:06d51f -->
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# Ashoka
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# Ashoka
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# Ashoka
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## Overview
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## Overview
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Ashoka (~304–232 BCE) was the third Maurya emperor who, after the bloody conquest of Kalinga, converted to Buddhism and promoted non-violence through rock and pillar edicts across the Indian subcontinent.
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Ashoka (~304–232 BCE), also known as Ashoka the Great, was the third Maurya emperor who, after the bloody conquest of Kalinga, converted to Buddhism and promoted non-violence through rock and pillar edicts across the Indian subcontinent. His name means "without sorrow" in Sanskrit. In his edicts he styled himself *Devanampiya Piyadassi* ("Beloved of the Gods, gracious of mien"). [^3]
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## Key Facts
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## Key Facts
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- Born: ~304 BCE, Pataliputra
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- Born: ~304 BCE, Pataliputra
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@@ -12,83 +10,39 @@ Ashoka (~304–232 BCE) was the third Maurya emperor who, after the bloody conqu
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- Reign: ~268–232 BCE
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- Reign: ~268–232 BCE
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- Dynasty: Maurya
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- Dynasty: Maurya
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- Religion: Buddhism (after Kalinga War)
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- Religion: Buddhism (after Kalinga War)
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- Father: Bindusara (r. ~297–273 BCE)
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- Grandfather: Chandragupta Maurya (founder of the empire)
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## Family & Early Career
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- Mother variously named Subhadrangi or Dharma in Buddhist sources [^3]
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- First wife: Devi (also Vidisha-mahadevi), daughter of a merchant at Ujjain
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- Children with Devi: son Mahinda and daughter Sanghamitra, both of whom led Buddhist missions to Sri Lanka [^3]
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- As a young prince, suppressed a revolt at Taxila (~age 18), then served as viceroy at Ujjain [^3]
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- Governed using the *Arthashastra* (political treatise attributed to Chanakya, Chandragupta's prime minister) as his administrative framework [^3]
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## The Kalinga War
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## The Kalinga War
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- Conquered Kalinga (~262 BCE) with devastating casualties (~100,000 killed, 150,000 deported per his own edicts)
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- Conquered Kalinga (~262 BCE) with devastating casualties (~100,000 killed, 150,000 deported per his own edicts)
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- The carnage prompted his conversion to Buddhism [^1]
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- The carnage prompted his conversion to Buddhism [^1]
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- His 13th Major Rock Edict records his remorse over the campaign
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## Ashoka's Edicts
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## Ashoka's Edicts
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- Rock and pillar edicts erected across the empire in Prakrit, Greek, and Aramaic
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- 33 inscriptions total on pillars, boulders, and cave walls across the empire [^3]
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- Written in Prakrit, Greek, and Aramaic; the Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription (~260 BCE) is carved in both Greek and Aramaic at Chehel Zina, Afghanistan [^2]
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- Promoted *dhamma* (dharma): Non-violence, religious tolerance, welfare of subjects
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- Promoted *dhamma* (dharma): Non-violence, religious tolerance, welfare of subjects
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- Established hospitals for humans and animals
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- Established hospitals for humans and animals
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- Sent Buddhist missionaries to Sri Lanka, Central Asia, and the Hellenistic world [^2]
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- Sent Buddhist missionaries to Sri Lanka, Central Asia, and the Hellenistic world [^2]
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- Ordered construction of stupas across the empire, including the famous stupa at Sanchi [^3]
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## Empire Extent
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- At its height stretched from modern-day Iran and Afghanistan in the west to Bangladesh in the east [^3]
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- Capital at Pataliputra (modern Patna); provincial capitals at Taxila and Ujjain [^2]
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## Legacy
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## Legacy
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- The Ashoka Chakra appears on India's national flag
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- The Ashoka Chakra appears on India's national flag
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- Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath is India's national emblem
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- Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath is India's national emblem
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- Rediscovered by James Prinsep who deciphered Brahmi script in 1837
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- Rediscovered by James Prinsep (1799–1840 CE) who deciphered Brahmi script in 1837
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---
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---
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[^1]: Thapar, R. *Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas* (Oxford, 1961)
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[^1]: Thapar, R. *Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas* (Oxford, 1961)
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[^2]: Singh, U. *A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India* (2008)
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[^2]: Singh, U. *A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India* (2008)
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---
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[^3]: Mark, J. J. "Ashoka the Great." *World History Encyclopedia*, 24 Jun 2020. https://www.worldhistory.org/Ashoka_the_Great/
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## Review Queue
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<!-- factbase:review -->
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Born: ~304 BCE, Pataliputra" - when was this true?
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> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "Died: ~232 BCE" - when was this true?
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> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Reign: ~268–232 BCE" - when was this true?
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> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Dynasty: Maurya" - when was this true?
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> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 14: "Religion: Buddhism (after Kalinga War)" - when was this true?
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> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Conquered Kalinga (~262 BCE) with devastating casualties (~100,000 killed, 15..." - when was this true?
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> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "The carnage prompted his conversion to Buddhism [^1]" - when was this true?
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> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 21: "Rock and pillar edicts erected across the empire in Prakrit, Greek, and Aramaic" - when was this true?
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> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 22: "Promoted *dhamma* (dharma): Non-violence, religious tolerance, welfare of sub..." - when was this true?
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> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 23: "Established hospitals for humans and animals" - when was this true?
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> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "Sent Buddhist missionaries to Sri Lanka, Central Asia, and the Hellenistic wo..." - when was this true?
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> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 27: "The Ashoka Chakra appears on India's national flag" - when was this true?
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> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 28: "Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath is India's national emblem" - when was this true?
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> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 29: "Rediscovered by James Prinsep who deciphered Brahmi script in 1837" - when was this true?
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> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Born: ~304 BCE, Pataliputra" - what is the source?
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> Thapar (1961) [^1]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Died: ~232 BCE" - what is the source?
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> Thapar (1961) [^1]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Reign: ~268–232 BCE" - what is the source?
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> Thapar (1961) [^1]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Dynasty: Maurya" - what is the source?
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> Thapar (1961) [^1]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 14: "Religion: Buddhism (after Kalinga War)" - what is the source?
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> Thapar (1961) [^1]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 17: "Conquered Kalinga (~262 BCE) with devastating casualties (~100,000 killed, 15..." - what is the source?
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> Singh (2008) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 21: "Rock and pillar edicts erected across the empire in Prakrit, Greek, and Aramaic" - what is the source?
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> Singh (2008) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 22: "Promoted *dhamma* (dharma): Non-violence, religious tolerance, welfare of sub..." - what is the source?
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> Singh (2008) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 23: "Established hospitals for humans and animals" - what is the source?
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> Singh (2008) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 27: "The Ashoka Chakra appears on India's national flag" - what is the source?
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> Singh (2008) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 28: "Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath is India's national emblem" - what is the source?
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> Singh (2008) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 29: "Rediscovered by James Prinsep who deciphered Brahmi script in 1837" - what is the source?
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> Singh (2008) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 18: "The carnage prompted his conversion to Buddhism [^1]" - Thapar source from 1961 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
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> Established scholarship remains current.
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- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 24: "Sent Buddhist missionaries to Sri Lanka, Central Asia, and the Hellenistic wo..." - Singh source from 2008 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
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> Established scholarship remains current.
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