Enrich Ashoka: add family/early career, empire extent, edict count, Kandahar inscription, fix duplicate heading

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daniel
2026-02-22 22:33:49 +00:00
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[?25h
status: UPDATED | Pericles | changes: Fixed duplicate # Pericles heading; added Greek name etymology; expanded Key Facts with family (father Xanthippus, mother Agariste/Alcmaeonidae); added Early Life & Education section (Damon, Anaxagoras, choregos for Aeschylus 472 BCE); added Rise to Power section (Ephialtes reforms 462461 BCE, Cimon prosecution/ostracism, Age of Pericles 461429 BCE); added citizenship law of 451 BCE; added free theater access; added Personal Life section (Aspasia, Pericles the Younger); added trial/re-election note in Peloponnesian War; added [^3] citation for Pericles the Younger citizenship
[main 38a478e] improve: Pericles
2 files changed, 111 insertions(+)
[2026-02-22 22:32:46] ✅ Committed: improve: Pericles
[2026-02-22 22:32:46] Done (64s) — UPDATED
[2026-02-22 22:32:51] [2/66] Next up...
[2026-02-22 22:32:51] ━━━ [Ashoka] (06d51f) reviews=0 garbage=0 ━━━
[2026-02-22 22:32:51] 🧹 Bash cleanup applied
[2026-02-22 22:32:51] 👤 Incomplete name (ruler doc) → agent needed to resolve identity

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[2026-02-22T22:32:46+00:00] 0648e6 | Pericles
status: UPDATED | Pericles | changes: Fixed duplicate # Pericles heading; added Greek name etymology; expanded Key Facts with family (father Xanthippus, mother Agariste/Alcmaeonidae); added Early Life & Education section (Damon, Anaxagoras, choregos for Aeschylus 472 BCE); added Rise to Power section (Ephialtes reforms 462461 BCE, Cimon prosecution/ostracism, Age of Pericles 461429 BCE); added citizenship law of 451 BCE; added free theater access; added Personal Life section (Aspasia, Pericles the Younger); added trial/re-election note in Peloponnesian War; added [^3] citation for Pericles the Younger citizenship
duration: 64s

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<!-- factbase:06d51f -->
# Ashoka
# Ashoka
## Overview
Ashoka (~304232 BCE) was the third Maurya emperor who, after the bloody conquest of Kalinga, converted to Buddhism and promoted non-violence through rock and pillar edicts across the Indian subcontinent.
Ashoka (~304232 BCE), also known as Ashoka the Great, was the third Maurya emperor who, after the bloody conquest of Kalinga, converted to Buddhism and promoted non-violence through rock and pillar edicts across the Indian subcontinent. His name means "without sorrow" in Sanskrit. In his edicts he styled himself *Devanampiya Piyadassi* ("Beloved of the Gods, gracious of mien"). [^3]
## Key Facts
- Born: ~304 BCE, Pataliputra
@@ -12,83 +10,39 @@ Ashoka (~304232 BCE) was the third Maurya emperor who, after the bloody conqu
- Reign: ~268232 BCE
- Dynasty: Maurya
- Religion: Buddhism (after Kalinga War)
- Father: Bindusara (r. ~297273 BCE)
- Grandfather: Chandragupta Maurya (founder of the empire)
## Family & Early Career
- Mother variously named Subhadrangi or Dharma in Buddhist sources [^3]
- First wife: Devi (also Vidisha-mahadevi), daughter of a merchant at Ujjain
- Children with Devi: son Mahinda and daughter Sanghamitra, both of whom led Buddhist missions to Sri Lanka [^3]
- As a young prince, suppressed a revolt at Taxila (~age 18), then served as viceroy at Ujjain [^3]
- Governed using the *Arthashastra* (political treatise attributed to Chanakya, Chandragupta's prime minister) as his administrative framework [^3]
## The Kalinga War
- Conquered Kalinga (~262 BCE) with devastating casualties (~100,000 killed, 150,000 deported per his own edicts)
- The carnage prompted his conversion to Buddhism [^1]
- His 13th Major Rock Edict records his remorse over the campaign
## Ashoka's Edicts
- Rock and pillar edicts erected across the empire in Prakrit, Greek, and Aramaic
- 33 inscriptions total on pillars, boulders, and cave walls across the empire [^3]
- Written in Prakrit, Greek, and Aramaic; the Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription (~260 BCE) is carved in both Greek and Aramaic at Chehel Zina, Afghanistan [^2]
- Promoted *dhamma* (dharma): Non-violence, religious tolerance, welfare of subjects
- Established hospitals for humans and animals
- Sent Buddhist missionaries to Sri Lanka, Central Asia, and the Hellenistic world [^2]
- Ordered construction of stupas across the empire, including the famous stupa at Sanchi [^3]
## Empire Extent
- At its height stretched from modern-day Iran and Afghanistan in the west to Bangladesh in the east [^3]
- Capital at Pataliputra (modern Patna); provincial capitals at Taxila and Ujjain [^2]
## Legacy
- The Ashoka Chakra appears on India's national flag
- Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath is India's national emblem
- Rediscovered by James Prinsep who deciphered Brahmi script in 1837
- Rediscovered by James Prinsep (17991840 CE) who deciphered Brahmi script in 1837
---
[^1]: Thapar, R. *Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas* (Oxford, 1961)
[^2]: Singh, U. *A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India* (2008)
---
## Review Queue
<!-- factbase:review -->
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Born: ~304 BCE, Pataliputra" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "Died: ~232 BCE" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Reign: ~268232 BCE" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Dynasty: Maurya" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 14: "Religion: Buddhism (after Kalinga War)" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Conquered Kalinga (~262 BCE) with devastating casualties (~100,000 killed, 15..." - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "The carnage prompted his conversion to Buddhism [^1]" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 21: "Rock and pillar edicts erected across the empire in Prakrit, Greek, and Aramaic" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 22: "Promoted *dhamma* (dharma): Non-violence, religious tolerance, welfare of sub..." - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 23: "Established hospitals for humans and animals" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "Sent Buddhist missionaries to Sri Lanka, Central Asia, and the Hellenistic wo..." - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 27: "The Ashoka Chakra appears on India's national flag" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 28: "Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath is India's national emblem" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 29: "Rediscovered by James Prinsep who deciphered Brahmi script in 1837" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Born: ~304 BCE, Pataliputra" - what is the source?
> Thapar (1961) [^1]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Died: ~232 BCE" - what is the source?
> Thapar (1961) [^1]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Reign: ~268232 BCE" - what is the source?
> Thapar (1961) [^1]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Dynasty: Maurya" - what is the source?
> Thapar (1961) [^1]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 14: "Religion: Buddhism (after Kalinga War)" - what is the source?
> Thapar (1961) [^1]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 17: "Conquered Kalinga (~262 BCE) with devastating casualties (~100,000 killed, 15..." - what is the source?
> Singh (2008) [^2]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 21: "Rock and pillar edicts erected across the empire in Prakrit, Greek, and Aramaic" - what is the source?
> Singh (2008) [^2]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 22: "Promoted *dhamma* (dharma): Non-violence, religious tolerance, welfare of sub..." - what is the source?
> Singh (2008) [^2]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 23: "Established hospitals for humans and animals" - what is the source?
> Singh (2008) [^2]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 27: "The Ashoka Chakra appears on India's national flag" - what is the source?
> Singh (2008) [^2]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 28: "Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath is India's national emblem" - what is the source?
> Singh (2008) [^2]
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 29: "Rediscovered by James Prinsep who deciphered Brahmi script in 1837" - what is the source?
> Singh (2008) [^2]
- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 18: "The carnage prompted his conversion to Buddhism [^1]" - Thapar source from 1961 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
> Established scholarship remains current.
- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 24: "Sent Buddhist missionaries to Sri Lanka, Central Asia, and the Hellenistic wo..." - Singh source from 2008 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
> Established scholarship remains current.
[^3]: Mark, J. J. "Ashoka the Great." *World History Encyclopedia*, 24 Jun 2020. https://www.worldhistory.org/Ashoka_the_Great/