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Enrich Hammurabi: fix duplicate heading, correct stele material (diorite), add father Sin-Muballit, specific conquests, Code structure and Shamash relief, [^3] WHE source

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2026-02-22 22:34:54 +00:00
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rulers/hammurabi.md
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@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
<!-- factbase:25cc1e -->
# Hammurabi
# Hammurabi
## Overview
Hammurabi (~1792–1750 BCE) was the sixth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty who transformed Babylon from a minor city-state into the dominant power in Mesopotamia. He is best known for the Code of Hammurabi.
@@ -11,14 +9,20 @@ Hammurabi (~1792–1750 BCE) was the sixth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty
- Title: King of Babylon
- Capital: Babylon
- Dynasty: First Dynasty of Babylon (Amorite)
- Father: Sin-Muballit (predecessor, abdicated due to failing health)
## Achievements
- Unified most of Mesopotamia through diplomacy and military conquest
- Issued the Code of Hammurabi (~1754 BCE): 282 laws inscribed on a basalt stele [^1]
- Inherited a small kingdom (Babylon, Kish, Sippar, Borsippa) and expanded it through military campaigns and diplomacy [^3]
- Conquered city-states of Larsa, Eshnunna, and Mari; ousted Ishme-Dagan I of Assyria [^3]
- Issued the Code of Hammurabi (~1754 BCE): 282 laws inscribed on a diorite stele [^1]
- Improved irrigation systems and infrastructure
- Established Marduk as the supreme deity of Babylon
## The Code of Hammurabi
- The longest, best-organized, and best-preserved legal text from the ancient Near East [^3]
- Written in the Old Babylonian dialect of Akkadian cuneiform
- Structured as: poetic prologue, 282 case laws, and epilogue (~4,130 lines total) [^3]
- The stele's relief depicts Hammurabi receiving the laws from Shamash, the sun god of justice, symbolizing divine authority [^3]
- 282 laws covering property, trade, family, labor, and criminal matters
- Principle of *lex talionis* ("an eye for an eye") with class-based distinctions
- Stele discovered at Susa in 1901, now in the Louvre [^2]
@@ -27,6 +31,7 @@ Hammurabi (~1792–1750 BCE) was the sixth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty
---
[^1]: Roth, M.T. *Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor* (1997)
[^2]: Harper, R.F. *The Code of Hammurabi* (1904)
[^3]: World History Encyclopedia. "Hammurabi." https://www.worldhistory.org/hammurabi/ (accessed 2026)
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