# Augustus # Augustus ## Overview Augustus (63 BCE – 14 CE), born Gaius Octavius, was the first Roman emperor. He transformed Rome from a republic into an empire and inaugurated the Pax Romana. ## Key Facts - Born: 23 September 63 BCE, Rome - Died: 19 August 14 CE, Nola @t[=14] - Reign: 27 BCE – 14 CE - Original name: Gaius Octavius; adopted as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus - Title: Augustus ("the revered one"), granted 27 BCE ## Rise to Power - Adopted heir of Julius Caesar (44 BCE) - Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus (43 BCE) - Battle of Actium (31 BCE): Defeated Antony and Cleopatra [^1] - Senate granted him the title Augustus (27 BCE), marking the start of the Principate ## Achievements - Pax Romana: Inaugurated ~200 years of relative peace - Administrative reforms: Professionalized the army, created the Praetorian Guard - Building program: "Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble" [^2] - Established the imperial succession system - Month of August named after him --- [^1]: Suetonius, *The Twelve Caesars* [^2]: Everitt, A. *Augustus: The Life of Rome's First Emperor* (2006) --- ## Review Queue - [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Born: 23 September 63 BCE, Rome" - when was this true? > Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed. - [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Reign: 27 BCE – 14 CE" - when was this true? > Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed. - [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Original name: Gaius Octavius; adopted as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus" - when was this true? > Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed. - [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 14: "Title: Augustus ("the revered one"), granted 27 BCE" - when was this true? > Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed. - [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Adopted heir of Julius Caesar (44 BCE)" - when was this true? > Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed. - [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus (43 BCE)" - when was this true? > Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed. - [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 19: "Battle of Actium (31 BCE): Defeated Antony and Cleopatra [^1]" - when was this true? > Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed. - [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 20: "Senate granted him the title Augustus (27 BCE), marking the start of the Prin..." - when was this true? > Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed. - [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 23: "Pax Romana: Inaugurated ~200 years of relative peace" - when was this true? > Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed. - [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "Administrative reforms: Professionalized the army, created the Praetorian Guard" - when was this true? > Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed. - [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 25: "Building program: "Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble" [^2]" - when was this true? > Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed. - [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 26: "Established the imperial succession system" - when was this true? > Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed. - [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 27: "Month of August named after him" - when was this true? > Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed. - [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: Malformed temporal tag @t[=14] — see docs for valid syntax > @t[0014] - [x] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Born: 23 September 63 BCE, Rome" - what is the source? > Suetonius [^1] - [x] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Died: 19 August 14 CE, Nola @t[=14]" - what is the source? > Suetonius [^1] - [x] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Reign: 27 BCE – 14 CE" - what is the source? > Suetonius [^1] - [x] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Original name: Gaius Octavius; adopted as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus" - what is the source? > Suetonius [^1] - [x] `@q[missing]` Line 14: "Title: Augustus ("the revered one"), granted 27 BCE" - what is the source? > Suetonius [^1] - [x] `@q[missing]` Line 17: "Adopted heir of Julius Caesar (44 BCE)" - what is the source? > Suetonius [^1] - [x] `@q[missing]` Line 18: "Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus (43 BCE)" - what is the source? > Suetonius [^1] - [x] `@q[missing]` Line 20: "Senate granted him the title Augustus (27 BCE), marking the start of the Prin..." - what is the source? > Suetonius [^1] - [x] `@q[missing]` Line 23: "Pax Romana: Inaugurated ~200 years of relative peace" - what is the source? > Everitt (2006) [^2] - [x] `@q[missing]` Line 24: "Administrative reforms: Professionalized the army, created the Praetorian Guard" - what is the source? > Suetonius [^1] - [x] `@q[missing]` Line 26: "Established the imperial succession system" - what is the source? > Suetonius [^1] - [x] `@q[missing]` Line 27: "Month of August named after him" - what is the source? > Suetonius [^1] - [x] `@q[stale]` Line 25: "Building program: "Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble" [^2]" - Everitt source from 2006 may be outdated, is this still accurate? > Established scholarship remains current.