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factbase-ancient-history/cultural-movements/greek-philosophy.md
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Greek Philosophy

Greek Philosophy

Overview

Greek philosophy (~600 BCE – ~500 CE) laid the foundations of Western intellectual tradition, encompassing metaphysics, ethics, logic, political theory, and natural science.

Key Facts

  • Period: ~600 BCE (Thales) – ~529 CE (closure of Plato's Academy by Justinian)
  • Region: Greek world (Ionia, Athens, Alexandria, Rome)
  • Major schools: Pre-Socratics, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism, Epicureanism, Skepticism

Major Figures

  • Thales of Miletus (~624–546 BCE): First philosopher, proposed water as the fundamental substance 1
  • Heraclitus (~535–475 BCE): "Everything flows" (panta rhei)
  • Socrates (~470–399 BCE): Socratic method, executed for impiety
  • Plato (~428–348 BCE): Theory of Forms, founded the Academy
  • Aristotle (384–322 BCE): Logic, natural science, ethics, politics; founded the Lyceum
  • Epicurus (341–270 BCE): Atomism, pleasure as the highest good
  • Zeno of Citium (~334–262 BCE): Founded Stoicism 2

Legacy

  • Shaped Western philosophy, science, and political thought
  • Transmitted to the Islamic world and medieval Europe
  • Aristotle's works dominated European thought for ~2,000 years

Review Queue

  • @q[temporal] Line 10: "Period: ~600 BCE (Thales) – ~529 CE (closure of Plato's Academy by Justinian)" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 11: "Region: Greek world (Ionia, Athens, Alexandria, Rome)" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 12: "Major schools: Pre-Socratics, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism, Epicurean..." - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 15: "Thales of Miletus (~624–546 BCE): First philosopher, proposed water as the ..." - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 16: "Heraclitus (~535–475 BCE): "Everything flows" (panta rhei)" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 17: "Socrates (~470–399 BCE): Socratic method, executed for impiety" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 18: "Plato (~428–348 BCE): Theory of Forms, founded the Academy" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 19: "Aristotle (384–322 BCE): Logic, natural science, ethics, politics; founded ..." - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 20: "Epicurus (341–270 BCE): Atomism, pleasure as the highest good" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 21: "Zeno of Citium (~334–262 BCE): Founded Stoicism 2 " - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 24: "Shaped Western philosophy, science, and political thought" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 25: "Transmitted to the Islamic world and medieval Europe" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 26: "Aristotle's works dominated European thought for ~2,000 years" - when was this true?

  • @q[missing] Line 10: "Period: ~600 BCE (Thales) – ~529 CE (closure of Plato's Academy by Justinian)" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 11: "Region: Greek world (Ionia, Athens, Alexandria, Rome)" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 12: "Major schools: Pre-Socratics, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism, Epicurean..." - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 16: "Heraclitus (~535–475 BCE): "Everything flows" (panta rhei)" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 17: "Socrates (~470–399 BCE): Socratic method, executed for impiety" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 18: "Plato (~428–348 BCE): Theory of Forms, founded the Academy" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 19: "Aristotle (384–322 BCE): Logic, natural science, ethics, politics; founded ..." - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 20: "Epicurus (341–270 BCE): Atomism, pleasure as the highest good" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 24: "Shaped Western philosophy, science, and political thought" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 25: "Transmitted to the Islamic world and medieval Europe" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 26: "Aristotle's works dominated European thought for ~2,000 years" - what is the source?

  • @q[stale] Line 15: "Thales of Miletus (~624–546 BCE): First philosopher, proposed water as the ..." - Kirk source from 1983 may be outdated, is this still accurate?

  • @q[stale] Line 21: "Zeno of Citium (~334–262 BCE): Founded Stoicism 2 " - Long source from 1986 may be outdated, is this still accurate?

  1. Kirk, G.S. et al. The Presocratic Philosophers (Cambridge, 1983) ↩︎

  2. Long, A.A. Hellenistic Philosophy (University of California Press, 1986) ↩︎

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