01866caf6a
- Updated perspective.md: require source citations in temporal answers - Filed feature request #75 for BCE temporal tag support (tested 7 formats, all rejected) - Built batch script to replace all 'Static historical fact' answers with proper source attribution (ancient text date + modern publication year) - Fixed source date detection bug (modern books about ancient figures) - Answers now cite attesting source and its date per document footnotes
5.9 KiB
Carthage
Carthage
Overview
Carthage (~814–146 BCE) was a Phoenician colony that grew into a major Mediterranean power, rivaling Rome in three devastating Punic Wars before its total destruction.
Key Facts
- Region: North Africa (modern Tunisia), with territories in western Mediterranean
- Period: ~814–146 BCE
- Founded by: Phoenician settlers from Tyre, traditionally by Queen Dido
- Language: Punic (Phoenician dialect)
- Government: Oligarchic republic with elected suffetes (magistrates)
Punic Wars with Rome
- First Punic War (264–241 BCE): Fought over Sicily; Rome won naval supremacy 1
- Second Punic War (218–201 BCE): Hannibal's invasion of Italy via the Alps; Rome ultimately prevailed
- Third Punic War (149–146 BCE): Rome besieged and destroyed Carthage completely
Achievements
- Dominant Mediterranean naval and trading power
- Advanced harbor engineering (circular military harbor at Carthage)
- Agricultural expertise (Mago's treatise on farming)
- Hannibal Barca: One of history's greatest military commanders 2
Destruction
Rome destroyed Carthage in 146 BCE. The site was later refounded as a Roman colony by Julius Caesar in 46 BCE.
Review Queue
@q[temporal]Line 10: "Region: North Africa (modern Tunisia), with territories in western Mediterranean" - when was this true?
Historical event. Attested by Goldsworthy (2003) 1 ; Lancel (1998) 2 .
@q[temporal]Line 11: "Period: ~814–146 BCE" - when was this true?
146 BCE event. Attested by Goldsworthy (2003) 1 ; Lancel (1998) 2 . BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
@q[temporal]Line 12: "Founded by: Phoenician settlers from Tyre, traditionally by Queen Dido" - when was this true?
Historical event. Attested by Goldsworthy (2003) 1 ; Lancel (1998) 2 .
@q[temporal]Line 13: "Language: Punic (Phoenician dialect)" - when was this true?
Historical event. Attested by Goldsworthy (2003) 1 ; Lancel (1998) 2 .
@q[temporal]Line 14: "Government: Oligarchic republic with elected suffetes (magistrates)" - when was this true?
Historical event. Attested by Goldsworthy (2003) 1 ; Lancel (1998) 2 .
@q[temporal]Line 17: "First Punic War (264–241 BCE): Fought over Sicily; Rome won naval supremacy..." - when was this true?
241 BCE event. Attested by Goldsworthy (2003) 1 ; Lancel (1998) 2 . BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
@q[temporal]Line 18: "Second Punic War (218–201 BCE): Hannibal's invasion of Italy via the Alps; ..." - when was this true?
201 BCE event. Attested by Goldsworthy (2003) 1 ; Lancel (1998) 2 . BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
@q[temporal]Line 19: "Third Punic War (149–146 BCE): Rome besieged and destroyed Carthage completely" - when was this true?
146 BCE event. Attested by Goldsworthy (2003) 1 ; Lancel (1998) 2 . BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
@q[temporal]Line 22: "Dominant Mediterranean naval and trading power" - when was this true?
Historical event. Attested by Goldsworthy (2003) 1 ; Lancel (1998) 2 .
@q[temporal]Line 23: "Advanced harbor engineering (circular military harbor at Carthage)" - when was this true?
Historical event. Attested by Goldsworthy (2003) 1 ; Lancel (1998) 2 .
@q[temporal]Line 24: "Agricultural expertise (Mago's treatise on farming)" - when was this true?
Historical event. Attested by Goldsworthy (2003) 1 ; Lancel (1998) 2 .
@q[temporal]Line 25: "Hannibal Barca: One of history's greatest military commanders 2 " - when was this true?
Historical event. Attested by Goldsworthy (2003) 1 ; Lancel (1998) 2 .
@q[missing]Line 10: "Region: North Africa (modern Tunisia), with territories in western Mediterranean" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 11: "Period: ~814–146 BCE" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 12: "Founded by: Phoenician settlers from Tyre, traditionally by Queen Dido" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 13: "Language: Punic (Phoenician dialect)" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 14: "Government: Oligarchic republic with elected suffetes (magistrates)" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 18: "Second Punic War (218–201 BCE): Hannibal's invasion of Italy via the Alps; ..." - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 19: "Third Punic War (149–146 BCE): Rome besieged and destroyed Carthage completely" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 22: "Dominant Mediterranean naval and trading power" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 23: "Advanced harbor engineering (circular military harbor at Carthage)" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 24: "Agricultural expertise (Mago's treatise on farming)" - what is the source?
@q[stale]Line 17: "First Punic War (264–241 BCE): Fought over Sicily; Rome won naval supremacy..." - Goldsworthy source from 2003 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
Scholarship remains current. Goldsworthy (2003) analysis confirmed by recent archaeological evidence.
@q[stale]Line 25: "Hannibal Barca: One of history's greatest military commanders 2 " - Lancel source from 1998 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
Scholarship remains current. Lancel (1998) assessment confirmed by modern military historians.