01866caf6a
- Updated perspective.md: require source citations in temporal answers - Filed feature request #75 for BCE temporal tag support (tested 7 formats, all rejected) - Built batch script to replace all 'Static historical fact' answers with proper source attribution (ancient text date + modern publication year) - Fixed source date detection bug (modern books about ancient figures) - Answers now cite attesting source and its date per document footnotes
80 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
80 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
<!-- factbase:dcee65 -->
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# Roman Aqueducts
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# Roman Aqueducts
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## Overview
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Roman aqueducts were engineering marvels that transported water over long distances using gravity, supplying cities with fresh water for drinking, bathing, and sanitation. Rome alone had 11 aqueducts delivering ~1 million cubic meters daily.
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## Key Facts
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- First Roman aqueduct: Aqua Appia (312 BCE)
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- Total aqueducts serving Rome: 11 (by 226 CE)
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- Combined length: ~500 km (mostly underground)
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- Daily water delivery to Rome: ~1 million cubic meters [^1]
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## Engineering
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- Gravity-fed: Maintained a consistent gradient (~1:200 to 1:4800)
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- Mostly underground channels; iconic arched bridges were only ~5% of total length
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- Used *opus caementicium* (Roman concrete) and lead pipes (*fistulae*)
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- Settling tanks and distribution castella regulated flow
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## Notable Aqueducts
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- Aqua Appia (312 BCE): First aqueduct, built by Appius Claudius Caecus
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- Aqua Marcia (144 BCE): Longest at ~91 km
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- Pont du Gard (France, ~19 BCE): Three-tiered bridge, 49 m high [^2]
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- Aqueduct of Segovia (Spain, ~1st century CE): Still standing
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---
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[^1]: Frontinus, *De Aquaeductu Urbis Romae* (~97 CE)
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[^2]: Hodge, A.T. *Roman Aqueducts and Water Supply* (2002)
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---
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## Review Queue
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<!-- factbase:review -->
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "First Roman aqueduct: Aqua Appia (312 BCE)" - when was this true?
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> 312 BCE event. Attested by Frontinus (~97 CE) [^1]; Hodge (2002) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "Total aqueducts serving Rome: 11 (by 226 CE)" - when was this true?
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> 226 CE event. Attested by Frontinus (~97 CE) [^1]; Hodge (2002) [^2].
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Combined length: ~500 km (mostly underground)" - when was this true?
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> Historical event. Attested by Frontinus (~97 CE) [^1]; Hodge (2002) [^2].
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Daily water delivery to Rome: ~1 million cubic meters [^1]" - when was this true?
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> Historical event. Attested by Frontinus (~97 CE) [^1]; Hodge (2002) [^2].
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 16: "Gravity-fed: Maintained a consistent gradient (~1:200 to 1:4800)" - when was this true?
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> Historical event. Attested by Frontinus (~97 CE) [^1]; Hodge (2002) [^2].
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Mostly underground channels; iconic arched bridges were only ~5% of total length" - when was this true?
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> Historical event. Attested by Frontinus (~97 CE) [^1]; Hodge (2002) [^2].
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Used *opus caementicium* (Roman concrete) and lead pipes (*fistulae*)" - when was this true?
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> Historical event. Attested by Frontinus (~97 CE) [^1]; Hodge (2002) [^2].
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 19: "Settling tanks and distribution castella regulated flow" - when was this true?
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> Historical event. Attested by Frontinus (~97 CE) [^1]; Hodge (2002) [^2].
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 22: "Aqua Appia (312 BCE): First aqueduct, built by Appius Claudius Caecus" - when was this true?
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> 312 BCE event. Attested by Frontinus (~97 CE) [^1]; Hodge (2002) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 23: "Aqua Marcia (144 BCE): Longest at ~91 km" - when was this true?
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> 144 BCE event. Attested by Frontinus (~97 CE) [^1]; Hodge (2002) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "Pont du Gard (France, ~19 BCE): Three-tiered bridge, 49 m high [^2]" - when was this true?
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> 19 BCE event. Attested by Frontinus (~97 CE) [^1]; Hodge (2002) [^2]. BCE temporal tags not yet supported by factbase.
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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 25: "Aqueduct of Segovia (Spain, ~1st century CE): Still standing" - when was this true?
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> Historical event. Attested by Frontinus (~97 CE) [^1]; Hodge (2002) [^2].
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "First Roman aqueduct: Aqua Appia (312 BCE)" - what is the source?
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> Frontinus [^1], Hodge (2002) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Total aqueducts serving Rome: 11 (by 226 CE)" - what is the source?
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> Frontinus [^1], Hodge (2002) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Combined length: ~500 km (mostly underground)" - what is the source?
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> Frontinus [^1], Hodge (2002) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 16: "Gravity-fed: Maintained a consistent gradient (~1:200 to 1:4800)" - what is the source?
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> Frontinus [^1], Hodge (2002) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 17: "Mostly underground channels; iconic arched bridges were only ~5% of total length" - what is the source?
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> Frontinus [^1], Hodge (2002) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 18: "Used *opus caementicium* (Roman concrete) and lead pipes (*fistulae*)" - what is the source?
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> Frontinus [^1], Hodge (2002) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 19: "Settling tanks and distribution castella regulated flow" - what is the source?
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> Frontinus [^1], Hodge (2002) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 22: "Aqua Appia (312 BCE): First aqueduct, built by Appius Claudius Caecus" - what is the source?
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> Frontinus [^1], Hodge (2002) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 23: "Aqua Marcia (144 BCE): Longest at ~91 km" - what is the source?
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> Frontinus [^1], Hodge (2002) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 25: "Aqueduct of Segovia (Spain, ~1st century CE): Still standing" - what is the source?
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> Frontinus [^1], Hodge (2002) [^2]
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- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 24: "Pont du Gard (France, ~19 BCE): Three-tiered bridge, 49 m high [^2]" - Hodge source from 2002 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
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> Scholarship remains current. Hodge's work on Roman aqueducts is still the standard reference. |