5.5 KiB
Treaty of Kadesh
Treaty of Kadesh
Overview
The Treaty of Kadesh (~1259 BCE) between Egypt and the Hittite Empire is the earliest known international peace treaty. It ended decades of conflict between the two great Bronze Age powers.
Key Facts
- Date: ~1259 BCE
- Parties: Egypt (Ramesses II) and Hittite Empire (Hattusili III)
- Context: Followed the Battle of Kadesh (~1274 BCE)
- Languages: Egyptian hieroglyphic and Akkadian cuneiform
Terms
- Mutual non-aggression pact
- Defensive alliance against third-party attacks
- Extradition of political refugees (with humane treatment clause)
- Mutual recognition of borders in Syria 1
Significance
- Earliest surviving international peace treaty
- A copy hangs in the United Nations headquarters in New York as a symbol of diplomacy
- Both Egyptian and Hittite versions survive (discovered at Karnak and Hattusa) 2
- Later sealed by a diplomatic marriage between Ramesses II and a Hittite princess
Review Queue
@q[temporal]Line 10: "Date: ~1259 BCE" - when was this true?
Static historical fact. ~1259 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
@q[temporal]Line 11: "Parties: Egypt (Ramesses II) and Hittite Empire (Hattusili III)" - when was this true?
Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
@q[temporal]Line 12: "Context: Followed the Battle of Kadesh (~1274 BCE)" - when was this true?
Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
@q[temporal]Line 13: "Languages: Egyptian hieroglyphic and Akkadian cuneiform" - when was this true?
Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
@q[temporal]Line 16: "Mutual non-aggression pact" - when was this true?
Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
@q[temporal]Line 17: "Defensive alliance against third-party attacks" - when was this true?
Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
@q[temporal]Line 18: "Extradition of political refugees (with humane treatment clause)" - when was this true?
Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
@q[temporal]Line 19: "Mutual recognition of borders in Syria 1 " - when was this true?
Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
@q[temporal]Line 22: "Earliest surviving international peace treaty" - when was this true?
Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
@q[temporal]Line 23: "A copy hangs in the United Nations headquarters in New York as a symbol of di..." - when was this true?
Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
@q[temporal]Line 24: "Both Egyptian and Hittite versions survive (discovered at Karnak and Hattusa)..." - when was this true?
Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
@q[temporal]Line 25: "Later sealed by a diplomatic marriage between Ramesses II and a Hittite princess" - when was this true?
Static historical fact. No temporal tag needed.
@q[missing]Line 10: "Date: ~1259 BCE" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 11: "Parties: Egypt (Ramesses II) and Hittite Empire (Hattusili III)" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 12: "Context: Followed the Battle of Kadesh (~1274 BCE)" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 13: "Languages: Egyptian hieroglyphic and Akkadian cuneiform" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 16: "Mutual non-aggression pact" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 17: "Defensive alliance against third-party attacks" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 18: "Extradition of political refugees (with humane treatment clause)" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 22: "Earliest surviving international peace treaty" - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 23: "A copy hangs in the United Nations headquarters in New York as a symbol of di..." - what is the source?
@q[missing]Line 25: "Later sealed by a diplomatic marriage between Ramesses II and a Hittite princess" - what is the source?
@q[ambiguous]Line 11: "Parties: Egypt (Ramesses II) and Hittite Empire (Hattusili III)" - what does "II" mean in this context?
Ramesses II is the regnal number — the 2nd ruler of that name. Standard historical convention.
@q[ambiguous]Line 25: "Later sealed by a diplomatic marriage between Ramesses II and a Hittite princess" - what does "II" mean in this context?
Ramesses II is the regnal number — the 2nd ruler of that name. Standard historical convention.
@q[stale]Line 19: "Mutual recognition of borders in Syria 1 " - Beckman source from 1999 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
Still accurate. Beckman (1999) remains a standard reference. The underlying historical facts are well-established.
@q[stale]Line 24: "Both Egyptian and Hittite versions survive (discovered at Karnak and Hattusa)..." - Bryce source from 2003 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
Still accurate. Bryce (2003) remains a standard reference. The underlying historical facts are well-established.