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Battle of Cannae

Battle of Cannae

Overview

The Battle of Cannae (216 BCE) was Hannibal Barca's masterpiece — a devastating double envelopment of a much larger Roman army during the Second Punic War. It remains one of the most studied tactical victories in military history.

Key Facts

  • Date: 2 August 216 BCE
  • Location: Cannae, Apulia (southeastern Italy)
  • Belligerents: Carthage vs. Roman Republic
  • Commanders: Hannibal Barca (Carthage), Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro (Rome)
  • Result: Decisive Carthaginian victory 1

The Battle

  • Romans: ~86,000; Carthaginians: ~50,000
  • Hannibal placed his weakest troops in a convex center, with veteran infantry and cavalry on the flanks
  • Roman advance pushed the center back into a concave shape, drawing them in
  • Carthaginian flanks and cavalry closed the trap in a complete double envelopment
  • Roman losses: ~50,00070,000 killed — the worst single-day defeat in Roman history 2

Legacy

  • Hannibal's double envelopment became the gold standard of tactical warfare
  • Despite the victory, Hannibal could not take Rome itself
  • Rome eventually adopted Fabian attrition strategy and won the war


Review Queue

  • @q[temporal] Line 10: "Date: 2 August 216 BCE" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 11: "Location: Cannae, Apulia (southeastern Italy)" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 12: "Belligerents: Carthage vs. Roman Republic" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 13: "Commanders: Hannibal Barca (Carthage), Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Tere..." - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 14: "Result: Decisive Carthaginian victory 1 " - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 17: "Romans: ~86,000; Carthaginians: ~50,000" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 18: "Hannibal placed his weakest troops in a convex center, with veteran infantry ..." - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 19: "Roman advance pushed the center back into a concave shape, drawing them in" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 20: "Carthaginian flanks and cavalry closed the trap in a complete double envelopment" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 21: "Roman losses: ~50,00070,000 killed — the worst single-day defeat in Roma..." - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 24: "Hannibal's double envelopment became the gold standard of tactical warfare" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 25: "Despite the victory, Hannibal could not take Rome itself" - when was this true?

  • @q[temporal] Line 26: "Rome eventually adopted Fabian attrition strategy and won the war" - when was this true?

  • @q[missing] Line 10: "Date: 2 August 216 BCE" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 11: "Location: Cannae, Apulia (southeastern Italy)" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 12: "Belligerents: Carthage vs. Roman Republic" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 13: "Commanders: Hannibal Barca (Carthage), Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Tere..." - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 17: "Romans: ~86,000; Carthaginians: ~50,000" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 18: "Hannibal placed his weakest troops in a convex center, with veteran infantry ..." - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 19: "Roman advance pushed the center back into a concave shape, drawing them in" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 20: "Carthaginian flanks and cavalry closed the trap in a complete double envelopment" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 24: "Hannibal's double envelopment became the gold standard of tactical warfare" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 25: "Despite the victory, Hannibal could not take Rome itself" - what is the source?

  • @q[missing] Line 26: "Rome eventually adopted Fabian attrition strategy and won the war" - what is the source?

  • @q[stale] Line 21: "Roman losses: ~50,00070,000 killed — the worst single-day defeat in Roma..." - Goldsworthy source from 2001 may be outdated, is this still accurate?


  1. Polybius, Histories 3.107117 ↩︎

  2. Goldsworthy, A. Cannae: Hannibal's Greatest Victory (2001) ↩︎