112 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
112 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
<!-- factbase:c1f224 -->
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# Babylonia
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# Babylonia
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## Overview
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Babylonia was a major Mesopotamian civilization centered on the city of Babylon, with two principal periods of dominance: the Old Babylonian period under Hammurabi (~1792–1750 BCE) and the Neo-Babylonian Empire (626–539 BCE) under Nebuchadnezzar II.
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## Key Facts
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- Region: Central-southern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq)
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- Old Babylonian period: ~1894–1595 BCE
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- Neo-Babylonian period: 626–539 BCE
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- Capital: Babylon
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- Language: Akkadian (Babylonian dialect)
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## Notable Rulers
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- Hammurabi (~1792–1750 BCE): Unified Mesopotamia, issued the Code of Hammurabi [^1]
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- Nebuchadnezzar II (605–562 BCE): Built the Ishtar Gate, destroyed the Temple of Jerusalem (586 BCE)
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- Nabonidus (556–539 BCE): Last native king, defeated by Cyrus the Great
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## Achievements
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- Code of Hammurabi: One of the earliest comprehensive legal codes (~1754 BCE)
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- Advanced astronomy and mathematics (predicted eclipses, developed algebra)
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- Hanging Gardens of Babylon (one of the Seven Wonders, existence debated) [^2]
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- Ishtar Gate and Processional Way
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## Decline
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The Neo-Babylonian Empire fell to Cyrus the Great of Persia in 539 BCE.
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---
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[^1]: Roth, M.T. *Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor* (1997)
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[^2]: Dalley, S. *The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon* (2013)
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---
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## Review Queue
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Region: Central-southern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "Old Babylonian period: ~1894–1595 BCE" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Neo-Babylonian period: 626–539 BCE" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Capital: Babylon" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 14: "Language: Akkadian (Babylonian dialect)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Hammurabi (~1792–1750 BCE): Unified Mesopotamia, issued the Code of Hammura..." - when was this true?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Nebuchadnezzar II (605–562 BCE): Built the Ishtar Gate, destroyed the Templ..." - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 19: "Nabonidus (556–539 BCE): Last native king, defeated by Cyrus the Great" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 22: "Code of Hammurabi: One of the earliest comprehensive legal codes (~1754 BCE)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 23: "Advanced astronomy and mathematics (predicted eclipses, developed algebra)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "Hanging Gardens of Babylon (one of the Seven Wonders, existence debated) [^2]" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 25: "Ishtar Gate and Processional Way" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Region: Central-southern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq)" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Old Babylonian period: ~1894–1595 BCE" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Neo-Babylonian period: 626–539 BCE" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Capital: Babylon" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 14: "Language: Akkadian (Babylonian dialect)" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 18: "Nebuchadnezzar II (605–562 BCE): Built the Ishtar Gate, destroyed the Templ..." - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 19: "Nabonidus (556–539 BCE): Last native king, defeated by Cyrus the Great" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 22: "Code of Hammurabi: One of the earliest comprehensive legal codes (~1754 BCE)" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 23: "Advanced astronomy and mathematics (predicted eclipses, developed algebra)" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 25: "Ishtar Gate and Processional Way" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[ambiguous]` Line 18: "Nebuchadnezzar II (605–562 BCE): Built the Ishtar Gate, destroyed the Templ..." - what does "II" mean in this context?
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- [ ] `@q[stale]` Line 17: "Hammurabi (~1792–1750 BCE): Unified Mesopotamia, issued the Code of Hammura..." - Roth source from 1997 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
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- [ ] `@q[stale]` Line 24: "Hanging Gardens of Babylon (one of the Seven Wonders, existence debated) [^2]" - Dalley source from 2013 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
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