109 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
109 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
<!-- factbase:91256b -->
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# Carthage
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# Carthage
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## Overview
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Carthage (~814–146 BCE) was a Phoenician colony that grew into a major Mediterranean power, rivaling Rome in three devastating Punic Wars before its total destruction.
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## Key Facts
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- Region: North Africa (modern Tunisia), with territories in western Mediterranean
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- Period: ~814–146 BCE
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- Founded by: Phoenician settlers from Tyre, traditionally by Queen Dido
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- Language: Punic (Phoenician dialect)
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- Government: Oligarchic republic with elected *suffetes* (magistrates)
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## Punic Wars with Rome
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- First Punic War (264–241 BCE): Fought over Sicily; Rome won naval supremacy [^1]
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- Second Punic War (218–201 BCE): Hannibal's invasion of Italy via the Alps; Rome ultimately prevailed
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- Third Punic War (149–146 BCE): Rome besieged and destroyed Carthage completely
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## Achievements
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- Dominant Mediterranean naval and trading power
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- Advanced harbor engineering (circular military harbor at Carthage)
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- Agricultural expertise (Mago's treatise on farming)
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- Hannibal Barca: One of history's greatest military commanders [^2]
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## Destruction
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Rome destroyed Carthage in 146 BCE. The site was later refounded as a Roman colony by Julius Caesar in 46 BCE.
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---
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[^1]: Goldsworthy, A. *The Fall of Carthage* (2003)
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[^2]: Lancel, S. *Hannibal* (Blackwell, 1998)
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---
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## Review Queue
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Region: North Africa (modern Tunisia), with territories in western Mediterranean" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "Period: ~814–146 BCE" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Founded by: Phoenician settlers from Tyre, traditionally by Queen Dido" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Language: Punic (Phoenician dialect)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 14: "Government: Oligarchic republic with elected *suffetes* (magistrates)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "First Punic War (264–241 BCE): Fought over Sicily; Rome won naval supremacy..." - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Second Punic War (218–201 BCE): Hannibal's invasion of Italy via the Alps; ..." - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 19: "Third Punic War (149–146 BCE): Rome besieged and destroyed Carthage completely" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 22: "Dominant Mediterranean naval and trading power" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 23: "Advanced harbor engineering (circular military harbor at Carthage)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "Agricultural expertise (Mago's treatise on farming)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 25: "Hannibal Barca: One of history's greatest military commanders [^2]" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Region: North Africa (modern Tunisia), with territories in western Mediterranean" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Period: ~814–146 BCE" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Founded by: Phoenician settlers from Tyre, traditionally by Queen Dido" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Language: Punic (Phoenician dialect)" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 14: "Government: Oligarchic republic with elected *suffetes* (magistrates)" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 18: "Second Punic War (218–201 BCE): Hannibal's invasion of Italy via the Alps; ..." - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 19: "Third Punic War (149–146 BCE): Rome besieged and destroyed Carthage completely" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 22: "Dominant Mediterranean naval and trading power" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 23: "Advanced harbor engineering (circular military harbor at Carthage)" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 24: "Agricultural expertise (Mago's treatise on farming)" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[stale]` Line 17: "First Punic War (264–241 BCE): Fought over Sicily; Rome won naval supremacy..." - Goldsworthy source from 2003 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
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- [ ] `@q[stale]` Line 25: "Hannibal Barca: One of history's greatest military commanders [^2]" - Lancel source from 1998 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
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