143 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
143 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
<!-- factbase:70f24f -->
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# Roman Religion
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# Roman Religion
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## Overview
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Roman religion was a polytheistic system that evolved from early Italic and Etruscan traditions, heavily influenced by Greek religion, and centered on state ritual, augury, and the maintenance of *pax deorum* (peace with the gods).
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## Key Facts
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- Period: ~8th century BCE – ~4th century CE (suppressed under Christianity)
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- Type: Polytheistic, with later imperial cult
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- Key institutions: Pontifex Maximus, Vestal Virgins, College of Augurs
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- Influenced by: Etruscan religion, Greek religion
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## Major Deities
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- Jupiter: King of the gods (Greek Zeus)
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- Juno: Queen of the gods (Greek Hera)
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- Mars: God of war (Greek Ares), father of Romulus
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- Minerva: Goddess of wisdom (Greek Athena)
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- Venus: Goddess of love (Greek Aphrodite), ancestor of the Julian family
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- Neptune, Mercury, Diana, Apollo, Vulcan, Ceres [^1]
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## Key Practices
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- Augury: Reading divine will through bird flight, entrails, and omens
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- Vestal Virgins: Six priestesses maintaining the sacred flame of Vesta
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- Imperial cult: Deification of emperors beginning with Julius Caesar (42 BCE)
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- *Religio*: Proper observance of ritual obligations to maintain divine favor [^2]
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## Mystery Cults
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- Cult of Isis (from Egypt)
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- Mithraism (from Persia, popular with soldiers)
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- Cult of Cybele (from Anatolia)
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---
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[^1]: Beard, M. et al. *Religions of Rome* (Cambridge, 1998)
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[^2]: Scheid, J. *An Introduction to Roman Religion* (Indiana, 2003)
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---
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## Review Queue
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<!-- factbase:review -->
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Period: ~8th century BCE – ~4th century CE (suppressed under Christianity)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "Type: Polytheistic, with later imperial cult" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Key institutions: Pontifex Maximus, Vestal Virgins, College of Augurs" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Influenced by: Etruscan religion, Greek religion" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 16: "Jupiter: King of the gods (Greek Zeus)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Juno: Queen of the gods (Greek Hera)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Mars: God of war (Greek Ares), father of Romulus" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 19: "Minerva: Goddess of wisdom (Greek Athena)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 20: "Venus: Goddess of love (Greek Aphrodite), ancestor of the Julian family" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 21: "Neptune, Mercury, Diana, Apollo, Vulcan, Ceres [^1]" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "Augury: Reading divine will through bird flight, entrails, and omens" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 25: "Vestal Virgins: Six priestesses maintaining the sacred flame of Vesta" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 26: "Imperial cult: Deification of emperors beginning with Julius Caesar (42 BCE)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 27: "*Religio*: Proper observance of ritual obligations to maintain divine favor [^2]" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 30: "Cult of Isis (from Egypt)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 31: "Mithraism (from Persia, popular with soldiers)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 32: "Cult of Cybele (from Anatolia)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Period: ~8th century BCE – ~4th century CE (suppressed under Christianity)" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Type: Polytheistic, with later imperial cult" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Key institutions: Pontifex Maximus, Vestal Virgins, College of Augurs" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Influenced by: Etruscan religion, Greek religion" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 16: "Jupiter: King of the gods (Greek Zeus)" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 17: "Juno: Queen of the gods (Greek Hera)" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 18: "Mars: God of war (Greek Ares), father of Romulus" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 19: "Minerva: Goddess of wisdom (Greek Athena)" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 20: "Venus: Goddess of love (Greek Aphrodite), ancestor of the Julian family" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 24: "Augury: Reading divine will through bird flight, entrails, and omens" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 25: "Vestal Virgins: Six priestesses maintaining the sacred flame of Vesta" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 26: "Imperial cult: Deification of emperors beginning with Julius Caesar (42 BCE)" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 30: "Cult of Isis (from Egypt)" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 31: "Mithraism (from Persia, popular with soldiers)" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 32: "Cult of Cybele (from Anatolia)" - what is the source?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[stale]` Line 21: "Neptune, Mercury, Diana, Apollo, Vulcan, Ceres [^1]" - Beard source from 1998 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
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>
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- [ ] `@q[stale]` Line 27: "*Religio*: Proper observance of ritual obligations to maintain divine favor [^2]" - Scheid source from 2003 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
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>
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