122 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
122 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
<!-- factbase:11bfdd -->
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# Roman Roads
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# Roman Roads
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## Overview
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The Roman road network was one of the greatest engineering achievements of the ancient world, spanning ~400,000 km at its peak and enabling rapid military movement, trade, and communication across the empire.
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## Key Facts
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- Total network: ~400,000 km (80,000 km paved)
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- First major road: Via Appia (312 BCE), Rome to Capua
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- Construction: Layered system of gravel, sand, and paving stones
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- Maintained by: State and local authorities
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## Engineering
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- Surveyed in straight lines where possible (*agrimensor* surveyors)
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- Layered construction: Foundation (*statumen*), gravel (*rudus*), concrete (*nucleus*), paving (*summa crusta*) [^1]
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- Drainage ditches on both sides
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- Milestones (*miliaria*) every Roman mile (~1.48 km)
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## Major Roads
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- Via Appia (312 BCE): "Queen of Roads," Rome to Brindisi
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- Via Egnatia (~146 BCE): Connected Adriatic to Byzantium
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- Via Augusta: Spain
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- Stane Street, Watling Street: Roman Britain [^2]
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## Legacy
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- "All roads lead to Rome" — the network radiated from the *Milliarium Aureum* in the Forum
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- Many modern European roads follow Roman alignments
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---
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[^1]: Laurence, R. *The Roads of Roman Italy* (Routledge, 1999)
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[^2]: Chevallier, R. *Roman Roads* (University of California Press, 1976)
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---
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## Review Queue
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<!-- factbase:review -->
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Total network: ~400,000 km (80,000 km paved)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "First major road: Via Appia (312 BCE), Rome to Capua" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Construction: Layered system of gravel, sand, and paving stones" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Maintained by: State and local authorities" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 16: "Surveyed in straight lines where possible (*agrimensor* surveyors)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Layered construction: Foundation (*statumen*), gravel (*rudus*), concrete (*n..." - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Drainage ditches on both sides" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 19: "Milestones (*miliaria*) every Roman mile (~1.48 km)" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 22: "Via Appia (312 BCE): "Queen of Roads," Rome to Brindisi" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 23: "Via Egnatia (~146 BCE): Connected Adriatic to Byzantium" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "Via Augusta: Spain" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 25: "Stane Street, Watling Street: Roman Britain [^2]" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 28: ""All roads lead to Rome" — the network radiated from the *Milliarium Aureum..." - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[temporal]` Line 29: "Many modern European roads follow Roman alignments" - when was this true?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Total network: ~400,000 km (80,000 km paved)" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "First major road: Via Appia (312 BCE), Rome to Capua" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Construction: Layered system of gravel, sand, and paving stones" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Maintained by: State and local authorities" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 16: "Surveyed in straight lines where possible (*agrimensor* surveyors)" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 18: "Drainage ditches on both sides" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 19: "Milestones (*miliaria*) every Roman mile (~1.48 km)" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 22: "Via Appia (312 BCE): "Queen of Roads," Rome to Brindisi" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 23: "Via Egnatia (~146 BCE): Connected Adriatic to Byzantium" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 24: "Via Augusta: Spain" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 28: ""All roads lead to Rome" — the network radiated from the *Milliarium Aureum..." - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 29: "Many modern European roads follow Roman alignments" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[stale]` Line 17: "Layered construction: Foundation (*statumen*), gravel (*rudus*), concrete (*n..." - Laurence source from 1999 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
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- [ ] `@q[stale]` Line 25: "Stane Street, Watling Street: Roman Britain [^2]" - Chevallier source from 1976 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
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