112 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
112 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
<!-- factbase:07edd5 -->
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# Treaty of Kadesh
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# Treaty of Kadesh
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## Overview
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The Treaty of Kadesh (~1259 BCE) between Egypt and the Hittite Empire is the earliest known international peace treaty. It ended decades of conflict between the two great Bronze Age powers.
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## Key Facts
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- Date: ~1259 BCE
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- Parties: Egypt (Ramesses II) and Hittite Empire (Hattusili III)
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- Context: Followed the Battle of Kadesh (~1274 BCE)
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- Languages: Egyptian hieroglyphic and Akkadian cuneiform
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## Terms
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- Mutual non-aggression pact
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- Defensive alliance against third-party attacks
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- Extradition of political refugees (with humane treatment clause)
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- Mutual recognition of borders in Syria [^1]
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## Significance
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- Earliest surviving international peace treaty
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- A copy hangs in the United Nations headquarters in New York as a symbol of diplomacy
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- Both Egyptian and Hittite versions survive (discovered at Karnak and Hattusa) [^2]
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- Later sealed by a diplomatic marriage between Ramesses II and a Hittite princess
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---
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[^1]: Beckman, G. *Hittite Diplomatic Texts* (1999)
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[^2]: Bryce, T. *Letters of the Great Kings of the Ancient Near East* (2003)
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---
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## Review Queue
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- [ ] `@q[missing]` Line 22: "Earliest surviving international peace treaty" - what is the source?
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- [ ] `@q[ambiguous]` Line 11: "Parties: Egypt (Ramesses II) and Hittite Empire (Hattusili III)" - what does "II" mean in this context?
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