factbase-ancient-history/rulers/alexander-the-great.md

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# Alexander the Great

# Alexander the Great

## Overview
Alexander III of Macedon (356–323 BCE), known as Alexander the Great, conquered the Persian Empire and created one of the largest empires in ancient history, spreading Greek culture from Egypt to India.

## Key Facts
- Born: 356 BCE, Pella, Macedon
- Died: 323 BCE, Babylon (age 32)
- Reign: 336–323 BCE
- Father: Philip II of Macedon
- Tutor: Aristotle

## Major Campaigns
- Battle of Granicus (334 BCE): First victory against Persia in Anatolia
- Battle of Issus (333 BCE): Defeated Darius III
- Siege of Tyre (332 BCE): Seven-month siege of the island city
- Battle of Gaugamela (331 BCE): Decisive defeat of the Persian Empire [^1]
- Indian campaign (327–325 BCE): Defeated King Porus at the Hydaspes

## Legacy
- Founded over 20 cities, most notably Alexandria in Egypt
- Spread Hellenistic culture across the Near East and Central Asia
- Empire divided among his generals (Diadochi) after his death [^2]
- Ptolemaic Egypt, Seleucid Empire, and Antigonid Macedon emerged as successor states

---
[^1]: Arrian, *Anabasis of Alexander*
[^2]: Green, P. *Alexander of Macedon* (University of California Press, 1991)
---

## Review Queue

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- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 10: "Born: 356 BCE, Pella, Macedon" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 356 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 11: "Died: 323 BCE, Babylon (age 32)" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 323 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 12: "Reign: 336–323 BCE" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 336-323 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 13: "Father: Philip II of Macedon" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. Genealogical relationship. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 14: "Tutor: Aristotle" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. c. 343-340 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 17: "Battle of Granicus (334 BCE): First victory against Persia in Anatolia" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 334 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 18: "Battle of Issus (333 BCE): Defeated Darius III" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 333 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 19: "Siege of Tyre (332 BCE): Seven-month siege of the island city" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 332 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 20: "Battle of Gaugamela (331 BCE): Decisive defeat of the Persian Empire [^1]" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 331 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 21: "Indian campaign (327–325 BCE): Defeated King Porus at the Hydaspes" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 327-325 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 24: "Founded over 20 cities, most notably Alexandria in Egypt" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 334-323 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 25: "Spread Hellenistic culture across the Near East and Central Asia" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. 334-323 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 26: "Empire divided among his generals (Diadochi) after his death [^2]" - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. Post-323 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[temporal]` Line 27: "Ptolemaic Egypt, Seleucid Empire, and Antigonid Macedon emerged as successor ..." - when was this true?
> Static historical fact. Post-323 BCE. No temporal tag needed.
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 10: "Born: 356 BCE, Pella, Macedon" - what is the source?
> Arrian Anabasis [^1] and Green (1991) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 11: "Died: 323 BCE, Babylon (age 32)" - what is the source?
> Arrian Anabasis [^1] and Green (1991) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 12: "Reign: 336–323 BCE" - what is the source?
> Arrian Anabasis [^1] and Green (1991) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 13: "Father: Philip II of Macedon" - what is the source?
> Arrian Anabasis [^1] and Green (1991) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 14: "Tutor: Aristotle" - what is the source?
> Arrian Anabasis [^1] and Green (1991) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 17: "Battle of Granicus (334 BCE): First victory against Persia in Anatolia" - what is the source?
> Arrian Anabasis [^1] and Green (1991) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 18: "Battle of Issus (333 BCE): Defeated Darius III" - what is the source?
> Arrian Anabasis [^1] and Green (1991) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 19: "Siege of Tyre (332 BCE): Seven-month siege of the island city" - what is the source?
> Arrian Anabasis [^1] and Green (1991) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 21: "Indian campaign (327–325 BCE): Defeated King Porus at the Hydaspes" - what is the source?
> Arrian Anabasis [^1] and Green (1991) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 24: "Founded over 20 cities, most notably Alexandria in Egypt" - what is the source?
> Arrian Anabasis [^1] and Green (1991) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 25: "Spread Hellenistic culture across the Near East and Central Asia" - what is the source?
> Arrian Anabasis [^1] and Green (1991) [^2].
- [x] `@q[missing]` Line 27: "Ptolemaic Egypt, Seleucid Empire, and Antigonid Macedon emerged as successor ..." - what is the source?
> Arrian Anabasis [^1] and Green (1991) [^2].
- [x] `@q[ambiguous]` Line 13: "Father: Philip II of Macedon" - what does "II" mean in this context?
> Regnal number. Standard historical convention.
- [x] `@q[ambiguous]` Line 18: "Battle of Issus (333 BCE): Defeated Darius III" - what does "III" mean in this context?
> Regnal number. Standard historical convention.
- [x] `@q[stale]` Line 26: "Empire divided among his generals (Diadochi) after his death [^2]" - Green source from 1991 may be outdated, is this still accurate?
> Still accurate. Green (1991) remains a standard reference.